April 25, the Festa della Liberazione is an Italian national holiday that commemorates the liberation from fascist domination in Italy. On this day you might hear the partisan song,
Bella Ciao on the radio, in parades, or sung by small groups in small town piazzi all over Italy. It is the song of I Partigiani, men and women who fought against the Nazis and Fascists primarily in Northern Italy from 1943 to 1945. This is the period called La Resistenza, the Resistance.

The song is set to the melody of a traditional folk song and became the anthem of the Italian resistance movement during World War II, sung by the anti-fascist rebels who fought against the atrocities of the Nazis and Benito Mussolini. The lyrics are symbolic of the sacrifices made for freedom. Each April 25 there are Liberation Day festivities throughout the country, paying tribute to those who lost their lives in in the fight to free their country.

In 1943, Mussolini was deposed by the King Victor Emmanuel III of Savoy. The new government signed an armistice with the allied forces, while Mussolini was helped by the Nazis, fleeing to Northern Italy where he created a puppet state. After liberating Southern and Central Italy, the Americans passed through the Apennines. Partisans became an effective fighting force against the Nazis and Fascists in the mountain towns.

On April 25th, 1945 Northern Italy was at last liberated. Mussolini would be executed by Partisans after a quick, public trial near Milano within 4 days. Shot along with his mistress, Claretta Petacci, and his other henchmen, their bodies were at first laid out in Piazzale Loreto where huge crowds of Italians took turns throwing trash on them, kicking and worse. Afterwards, their bodies were hung upside-down on the rafters of the local gas station. Perhaps a fitting end to one of the monsters of modern history.

However, instead of burning the body of Mussolini (as perhaps should have been done) his body was first buried, then stolen, and afterwards found and hidden secretely in a monastary for eleven years. Unfortunately (for the Italy and the World), in May 1957 the newly appointed Prime Minister, Adone Zoli, agreed to Mussolini's interment at his place of birth in Predappio in Romagna. This was for obvious political reasons since Zoli was reliant on the far right to support him in Parliament. Sadly, even today, the remains of Mussolini has become a pro-fascist shrine or sorts. For this reason, it's a very good thing that the Russians "lost" the body of Hitler.

Since the Liberation, Italy has been free from dictators, although the current neo-fascist movements are a signal to never forget what history has taught us... 

--Jerry Finzi

Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City was the first establishment to use the name "restaurant". They were the first restaurant to have printed menus. They were the first restaurant to offer a cookbook. They were the first restaurant to serve women sitting without men at their own table (how shocking!)

Delmonico's was also the first dining establishment in America to price individual dishes à la carte, as was the custom in Paris. Before this, American inns served one price and only one dish--no menu. Everyone was charged the same fixed price whether they ate more or less than other patrons. They were also the first to open (for a while) the Delmonico Hotel, without the standard "room and board" pricing, but charged for room and meals separately.

They were the first restaurant considered to be "fine dining", attracting celebrities and presidents alike. By 1862, Chef de Cuisine, Charles Ranhofer some of the most famous American dishes such as Eggs Benedict, Baked Alaska, Lobster Newburg and Chicken A la Keene (yes, not "King").Ranhofer published his cookbook, The Epicurean," in 1894.

Giovanni and Pietro Delmonico immigrated from from Ticino, Switzerland, their family roots being in the Trentino region of the Italian Alps. The brothers opened their first restaurant in 1827 in a rented pastry shop at 23 William Street, selling classically prepared pastries, fine coffee, chocolates, bonbons, wines and liquors as well as Havana cigars. In 1831 they were joined by their nephew, Lorenzo Delmonico, who was responsible for the wine list and developing its unique menu. In the coming years, Lorenzo learned every aspect of the restaurant business and was the driving force behind its impeccable standards of both product and service.

In 1834, the brothers earmarked $16,000 (worth $500,000 today) from their profits to purchase a 220 acre farm in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. The brothers built an imposing Italian villa at the farm but primarily used the land to cultivate vegetables unknown to Americans for their restaurant, such as endive, sorrel, eggplant, asparagus, Lupini beans, tomato and artichoke. But of course, Delmonico's has become world-renowned for their aged steaks.

Their first three restaurants were all destroyed by fire after which they purchased a triangular lot in Lower Manhattan and opening their landmark restaurant at Williams Street in 1893. Marketing geniuses, they claimed the two Corinthian columns at the portico were "salvaged" from Pompeii (many dispute this claim).

They weren't attempting to serve Italian cuisine by the looks of their original menus, but to offer an upscale "European" menu, which in all parts of Europe during the 17th - 19th centuries were mainly based on Parisian fare. As their popularity with New York's elite grew, the Delmonico family opened other restaurants under the name, operating up to four at a time. In total they had opened 10, illustrating the determination of this family.

The popularity of their restaurant (with its high priced menu) drew both local and national politicians, financiers such as Vanderbuilt, luminaries like Mark Twain and Italian inventor Tesla. Domenico's was (and still is) a place to discuss the financing for inventors, presidential campaigns, hob-nob with opera stars and authors... definitely now a place for the hoi polloi or common workers of Manhattan

There is a chain of restaurants called "Delmonico's Italian Steakhouse" in New York State and Florida that has nothing to do with Delmonico's in New York City. In contrast, this corporate creation is a mashup of Beefsteak Charlies and Olive Garden for the middle class of culinary appetites. The food is a bit high priced for its chain restaurant selections and quality, the steaks are garden variety, about the same as Outback or a bit less, and the menu is cluttered with Italian-American dishes with big, sloppy portions.

As for the lack of classy decor, just take a look at the stereotypes of what an Italian-American is supposed to be plastered on their walls... caricatures of past "Italian" pop icons such as Sinatra or Andrew Dice-Clay along with with big-busted babes. There is a plush booth canned the "Sinatra" and an "Italian Wanna-bee" room, with caricatures actors who play Italians, but aren't. The piped in music is Sinatra, Perry Como, Tony Bennett or Dean Martin and other Rat Pack types. If this is your idea of what an Italian restaurant is supposed to be, have at it. They saw you coming anyway.

If you care about the true Italian culinary heritage, stay clear of these joints.

--GVI

You might also be interested in these articles...

History of Fettuccine all' Alfredo
Did Jews Introduce Coffee and Coffeehouses to Italy?
From the Fifties: Chef Boyardee Pizza Kit
Behind Bars: A Gourmet Dining Experience in Volterra
Bronx's Arthur Avenue: The Biggest Little Italy
The Art, Science and History of Coffee in Italy
Espresso Master, Renato Bialetti Dies at 93

When one thinks of gondolas, they immediately think of Venice, Italy, certainly not Manhattan. But gondolas have been paddling their way across Central Park Lake only a few years after it was dug out.

Frederick Law Olmsted (the architect of Central Park) visited Venice with his sons to broaden their education in landscape architecture and fell in love with gondolas because they weren't simply "common" boats... they were "becoming".

He might have discussed plans for gondolas in Central Park, but the craft didn't appear on The Lake until 1862.  An authentic Venetian gondola Christened  Maiden City of the Sea was given to the park its commissioner, John A.C. Gray. It took a few years for the Park to hire an experienced gondolier who knew how to master the unusual swiveling paddle style needed to steer the asymmetrically curved, 45 foot long hull common to gondolas.  Hiring a gondola became a romantic way to woo the object of a man's affection, and the attraction became so popular that in the 1890s, another second Venetian gondola was added.

Starting in 1936, a “Venetian Water Carnivale” was held on a yearly basis in the park. There was music and dancing at the Mall, and on The Lake “Venetian peasants” floated across The Lake on swan boats and gondolas, singling and playing mandolins. The event also included an “Approach of the Doge,” a “Dance of the Nymphs,” a fireworks display, and a 60 piece orchestra.

But don't feel sad about Olmsted's gondola obsession. He fulfilled his dream when he included gondolas in his 1898 Worlds Fair design. 

The great news is, the gondolas are still plying the waters of Central Park today. Mostly rented by bachelorette parties, prom dates and marriage proposals, if you're looking for an authentic way to live la Vita Bella, even though you're not in Italy, book a cruise on a gondola the next time you are in the Big Apple. They charge $30 per half hour, weather permitting.

The Solo Mio song is complimentary. 

--Jerry Finzi

I’ve researched and written on orphans and adoption customs in Italy before, but in the last few months I’ve come up with another reason to be interested in Italian orphanages… I’ve discovered that my great-great grandfather was an orphan. Apparently, the “First Anselmo” as we are calling him (there were more after him) was offspring of a nobleman from Molfetta and a servant girl. We have the surname of the father but only the first name of the mother. After being educated in the orphanage at Giovinazzo, Puglia he lived with two other families, neither of which had the surname Finzi. So we have a new family mystery to solve… why Finzi? And why Catholic? (Most Finzis in Italy are Jewish).

I suppose that someday I might get my hands on the adoption records from 1836. I’ve read that there can be a lot of information gained due to the narrative style of report written about each foundling during that period. But in the last part of the 19th century, the adoption procedures slimmed down to the barest of information. However, if the foundling was placed in a Ruota del Trovatello (Foundling Wheel), there might never be any information about who the parents of the child were. You see, the Ruota was a type of drum shaped cabinet on a pivot, used in orphanages to receive unwanted babies--anonymously.

During those hard times, there were a significant percentage of abandoned babies from both unmarried women and married couples. Poor peasants with several other children could not afford to feed yet another child. They would anonymously abandon the child at the Ruota, typically built into the wall of the local convent or Ospizio (orphanage).
The problem of unwanted newborns has been documented in Italy since Roman times when babies abandoned next to a column in a forum were either taken home by strangers to serve as slaves or left to die. Pope Innocent III was so shocked by the large number of dead babies floating in the Tiber River that he institutionalized the “foundling wheel” in the 12th century as a solution for dealing with the large number of foundlings—infants abandoned by their parents and left to die or be discovered and cared for by others. The size of the Ruota was purposely kept infant-sized to prevent older children from being abandoned. Older children were thought of as workers and laborers, and rather than be abandoned, worked on the farm or became apprentices to a local tradesman.

The practice of using foundling wheels to dispose of unwanted children gained in popularity and became a common practice in medieval Europe. By the early part of the 19th century, names were often recorded when people gave up their children to the orphanage or church openly, a practice often done when there might come a time when they wanted the child back—as they became more solvent or when an older child could work on a family farm. But surnames could never be known when they put the child in the Ruote. For this reason, many often pinned a charm or special memento to the child that could be identified if they ever wanted to reverse their decision. The babies were given surnames such as Esposito (exposed), Proietti (thrown away), and Innocenti (innocent). People with such names can usually trace their family tree back to a foundling. It was only after 1926 that an Italian law banned the use of such discriminatory names, when names were given to describe the time of year (Primavera) or the month (Maggio) the child was abandoned.
(Read more about orphan names HERE)

Safe Ways to Abandon Babies in Modern Society

In many countries, there are still modern versions of the Ruota… usually a climate controlled drawer in which a baby could be placed. Multilingual posters in modern Rome read—“Don’t abandon your baby! Leave it with us.” The practice of placing unwanted infants in a modern foundling wheel, heated baby hatch, stork cradle, stainless steel baby box, maternity ward, or designated safe haven is a practice that is still used today in many European countries and the United States and the practice is gaining in popularity throughout the world to combat child infanticide.

Some legal problems with modern baby hatches are connected to a child’s right to know their own identity, as guaranteed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Baby hatches also deprive the father of his right to find out what has happened to his child, though DNA testing of foundlings would seem to offer a partial solution. I suppose as strange as the Ruota sounds, it has saved the lived of countless children in Italy and around the world…

As for me, I now know we come from a lineage of Finzi’s that come to a sudden, mysterious beginning in 1836. Since my great-great grandfather seems to have been placed into the orphanage with some paperwork filled out, perhaps someday I’ll be able to continue to trace our family tree further and further back in time.
 
--Jerry Finzi

Domestication of geese dates back to Neolithic times, about 6,000 years ago.  During the Roman Empire there is  much evidence of breeding geese in both writings and art. Of course, the ancient Romans saw the goose as a ready source of food high in protein and fats.

L'oca (the goose) was written about in the 1st century collection of recipes by Marco Gavio Apicius, the most famous of Roman culinary maestros.  The goose was fattened with dried figs and wine mixed with honey, then were either oven roasted, spit-roasted or boiled and served with a sauce made with pepper, coriander, mint, rue and olive oil. Its liver was a delicacy to be dipped in milk and honey.

It's also obvious to historians that Charlemagne, the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire also favored the development the valuable goose. In the Middle Ages he personally owned 30 geese on his farm for domestic use and trade. In Italy as well as other countries, goose is the preferred celebratory food on the day of San Martino.

Aside from food, the goose served many other purposes. In the 15th century, Paolo Santonino wrote in his Itinerarium Sanctonini, "Wherever there is an abundance of geese, even the poorest peasants have a feather bed". With their exceptional eyesight, wide field of vision, extremely loud and boisterous honking, a gaggle of geese makes excellent guards to warn of poachers, intruders, thieves and predators, and unlike dogs, they can't be silenced by offering them a treat. 

In 390 BC, when Rome was attacked by Gallic troops, their honking alarmed when an enemy attempted an attack. Even today, geese are used in Italy, not only to eat pests in vineyards and olive and nut groves (a very organic approach to avoid pesticides), but they will warn the owner of poachers entering their lands. They have also been used to protect wine and whisky cellars.

Old school Italians even forecast the weather using the goose... at the dinner table, that is. If the bones are white, the winter will be short and mild; if they are dark is a sign of rain, snow and cold.

The goose has also given its share of fun to early households in the form of the game called Gioco dell'Oco. Even saying the name is fun... Jy-Oko, dell Oko.

In the Game of the Goose the object is fairly straightforward, rolling the dice and being the first to make it to the center. There are obstacles to avoid, just like in the child's game Candy Land, except rather than getting stuck on a Licorice Stick, the obstacles are the Inn, the Bridge and Death.

The game originated sometime in the 16th century, and is considered the forefather of most board racing games. Manufactured versions appeared in the late 19th century, and modern versions are still played throughout Italy and Europe. There are even life-sized games with real geese played during the Festival of San Marino in some towns like Mirano and Mortara.

In Italy, goose-based lunches are typical northern regions such as Friuli, Veneto, Lombardy and Romagna. In several places  the Dinner of San Martino is an entire menu based on goose. In the province of Pavia the town of Mortara has the nickname City of the Goose where one specialty is goose salami, called Salumi dell'Oca. Having a strong Jewish heritage, this high fat sausage replaces typical pork sausage on the table and is prepared in the Kosher tradition.

In addition to their fatty meat, geese produce large edible eggs, weighing up to 6 ounces each. They are used just as chicken eggs are, but have a much larger yolk with a more gamey flavor. As part of the Cucina Povera in past history, a goose egg would have been preferred over a chicken egg since each egg contains much more fat and calories (essential to get through a lean growing season or winter). Perhaps this is where the idea of the Goose Who Laid a Golden Egg came from. Here's a comparison between chicken and goose eggs:

In a modern healthy diet, one rarely considers eating goose eggs, especially if trying to lower their dietary cholesterol... One large chicken egg contains 186 mg of cholesterol, but a single goose egg contains 1,227 mg of cholesterol!

So you see, the contadini (farmers) of Old Italy considered raising geese as a sound investment. They are a good source of high fat, high calorie, high protein food; a "watchdog" against intruders; down for his beds, and for the most part, geese get their own food, grazing for garden pests and are happy to eat kitchen scraps. Keeping geese around was very furbo.

In northern Italy, where there is a large Jewish culture, there is an artisan process of creating Prosciutto dell'Oca (goose ham).  This is a lean product, similar to prosciutto, made using the leg of the goose, seasoned with salt, pepper and spices and aged for about 2 months or more.  Its color is dark red, with a sweet taste and an intense aroma.  It is used as an appetizer for important occasions and often served on bruschetta with a glass of local wine.  The city of Mortara, offers Prosciutto dell'Oca during both spring and fall festivals.

In Italy, cities are divided into contrade (districts or wards), with the most famous being the 17 contrade of Siena whose representatives race on horseback in the Palio di Siena, run twice each year. Each contrada has an animal as its mascot, produly and loveingly displayed on flags all over the city. The one that we point out here is the Contrada dell'Oca.

If you love geese, than this is the flag you should be rooting for when you visit Siena to witness this exciting horse race. But there's another reason... The Noble Contrada dell’Oca holds the record of winning 65 Palios races, from its inception in 1644 to the present day.

 Viva l'oca!

--Jerry Finzi

List of September 11 Victims of Italian Heritage

1. Abate, Andrew Anthony - 37 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
   
2. Abate, Vincent - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
3. Aceto, Richard Anthony - 42 - Wantagh , NY - Dec WTC
4. Acquaviva, Paul Andrew - 29 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
5. Addamo, Christy A. - 28 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
6. Addo, Sophia Buruwa - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
7. Afflitto, Daniel Thomas - 32 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
8. Agnello, Joseph - 35 - Belle Harbor, NY - Dec E/R
9. Alameno, Andrew - 37 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
10. Alario, Margaret Ann Jezycki "Peggy" - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
11. Albero, Gary - 39 - Emerson, NJ - Dec WTC
12. Allegretto, Edward L. - 51 - Colonia, NJ - Dec WTC
13. Amaranto, Angelo - 60 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
14. Amato, James M. - 43 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
15. Amatuccio, Joseph - 41 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
16. Amoroso, Christopher C. - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
17. Anchundia, Joseph Peter - 26 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
18. Andreacchio, John - 52 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
19. Angelini Jr., Joseph - 38 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
20. Angelini Sr., Joseph - 63 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
21. Angilletta, Laura - 23 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
22. Angrisani, Doreen J. - 44 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
23. Aquilino, Frank Thomas "F.T." - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
24. Arias, Adam P. - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
25. Asaro, Carl Francis - 39 - Middletown, NY - Dec E/R
26. Aversano Jr., Frank Louis - 58 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
27. Badagliacca, John James - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
28. Bantis, Kathy - 44 - Chicago, IL - Dec WTC
29. Baptiste, Gerard Jean - 35 - Riverdale, NY - Dec E/R
30. Barbara, Gerard A. - 53 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
31. Barbaro, Paul V. - 35 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
32. Barbella, James W. - 53 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
33. Barbosa, Ivan Kiryllos Fairbanks - 30 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
34. Barbosa, Victor Daniel - 23 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
35. Barbuto, Christine - 32 - Brookline, MA - Am 11
36. Basina, Inna - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
37. Battaglia, Paul James - 22 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
38. Bautista, Ivhan Luis Carpio - 24 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
39. Bautista, Marlyn C. - 46 - Iselin, NJ - Dec WTC
40. Beatini, Paul F. - 40 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
41. Bella, Andrea Della - 59 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
42. Bellows, Debbie S. - 30 - East Windsor, NJ - Dec WTC
43. Benedetti, Paul Michael - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
44. Benedetto, Denise Lenore - 40 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
45. Berardi, Dominick J. - 25 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
46. Boccardi, Michael Andrew - 30 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
47. Bocchi, John Paul - 38 - New Vernon, NJ - Dec WTC
48. Bocchino, Michael Leopoldo - 45 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
49. Bochino, Susan Mary - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
50. Boffa, Mary Katherine - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
51. Bolourchi, Touran Hamzavi - 69 - Beverly Hills, CA - Un 175
52. Bonomo, Frank - 42 - Port Jefferson, NY - Dec E/R
53. Bonomo, Yvonne L. - 30 - Jackson Heights, NY - Dec WTC
54. Borda Leyva, Juan Jose - 58 - New York, NY - Msg WTC
55. Bosco, Richard E. - 34 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
56. Braca, Alfred J. - 54 - Leonardo, NJ - Dec WTC
57. Bravo, Lydia Estelle - 50 - Dunellen, NJ - Dec WTC
58. Brito, Victoria Alvarez - 38 - Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
59. Bucca, Ronald Paul - 47 - Tuckahoe, NY - Dec E/R
60. Bulaga Jr., John E. - 35 - Haskell, NJ - Dec WTC
61. Buslo, Irina - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
62. Bustillo, Milton - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
63. Caballero, Daniel Martin - 21 - Houston, TX - Dec Ptn
64. Cachia, Brian Joseph - 26 - Fresh Meadows, NY - Dec WTC
65. Cafiero Jr., Steven - 31 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
66. Caggiano, Richard M. - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
67. Caguicla, Cecile M. - 55 - Boonton, NJ - Dec WTC
68. Calabro, Salvatore - 38 - Staten Island , NY - Dec E/R
69. Calandrillo, Joseph - 49 - Hawley, PA - Dec WTC
70. Calcagno, Philip V. - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
71. Calia, Dominick Enrico - 40 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
72. Calvi, Luigi "Gino" - 34 - East Rutherford, NJ - Dec WTC
73. Cammarata, Michael F. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
74. Candela, John A. - 42 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
75. Cangelosi, Vincent - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
76. Cangialosi, Stephen J. - 40 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
77. Cannava, Lisa B. - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
78. Cannizzaro, Brian - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
79. Caporicci, Louis A. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
80. Cappello, Jonathan Neff - 23 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
81. Caproni, Richard M. - 34 - Lynbrook, NY - Dec WTC
82. Cardona, Jose - 35 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
83. Carlino, Edward - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
84. Carlo, Michael Scott - 34 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
85. Carlone, David G. - 46 - Randolph, NJ - Dec WTC
86. Carpeneto, Joyce Ann - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
87. Casazza, John F. - 38 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
88. Cascio, Paul Reegan - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
89. Casoria, Thomas Anthony - 29 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
90. Castano, Alejandro - 35 - Edgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
91. Castillo, Arcelia "Chela" - 49 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
92. Castrianno, Leonard - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
93. Castro, Jose Ramon - 37 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
94. Catarelli, Richard G. - 47 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
95. Centeno, Ana M. - 38 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
96. Cesta, Joni - 37 - Bellmore, NY - Dec WTC
97. Chalasani, Swarna - 33 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
98. Chiarchiaro, Dorothy J. - 61 - Glenwood, NY - Dec WTC
99. Chiofalo Jr., Nicholas P. - 39 - Selden, NY - Dec E/R
100. Chirchirillo, Peter A. - 47 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
101. Ciafardini, Christopher - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
102. Ciccone, Alex F. - 38 - New Rochelle, NY - Dec WTC
103. Cilente, Frances Ann - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
104. Cillo, Elaine - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
105. Cirri, Robert D. - 39 - Nutley, NJ - Dec E/R
106. Coladonato III, Anthony Joseph - 47 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
107. Colaio, Mark Joseph - 34 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
108. Colaio, Stephen J. - 32 - Montauk, NY - Dec WTC
109. Colasanti, Christopher M. - 33 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
110. Conde, Albert - 62 - Englishtown, NJ - Dec WTC
111. Coppo Jr., Joseph J. - 47 - New Canaan, CT - Dec WTC
112. Coppola, Gerard J. - 46 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
113. Cordice, Robert - 28 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
114. Correa, Ruben D. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
115. Correa-Gutierrez, Daniel A. - 25 - Fairview, NJ - Dec WTC
116. Costa, Dolores Marie - 53 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
117. Costanza, Alexandra Digna - 25 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
118. Costello, Charles Gregory - 46 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
119. Costello, Michael S. - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
120. Crifasi, Lucia - 51 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
121. Crisci, John - 48 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
122. Cuccinello, Thelma - 71 - Wilmot Flat, NH - Am 11
123. Cudina, Richard Joseph - 46 - Glen Gardner, NJ - Dec WTC
124. Curatolo, Robert - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
125. Curia, Laurence - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
126. Curioli, Paul Dario - 53 - Norwalk, CT - Dec WTC
127. Da Mota, Manuel J. - 44 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
128. DaCosta, Carlos S. - 41 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
129. D'Allara, John - 47 - Pearl River , NY - Dec E/R
130. D'Amadeo, Vincent - 36 - East Patchouge, NY - Dec WTC
131. D'Ambrosi, Jack L. - 45 - Woodcliff Lake, NJ - Dec WTC
132. Damiani-Jones, Jeannine Marie - 28 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
133. D'Antonio, Mary Yolanda - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
134. D'Atri, Edward Alexander - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
135. D'Auria, Michael D. - 25 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
136. de Laura, Cristina - - Unknown - Msg WTC
137. de Laura, Oscar - - Unknown - Msg WTC
138. De Martini, Francis Albert - 49 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
139. De Santis, Jemal Legesse - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
140. DeAngelis Jr., Robert J. - 47 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
141. DeAngelis, Thomas P. - 51 - Westbury, NY - Dec E/R
142. DeBarrera, Ana Gloria Pocasangre - 49 - Soyapango, El Salvador - Dec WTC
143. DeCola, Paul - 39 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
144. Deconto, Gerald Francis - 44 - Sandwich, MA - Dec Ptn
145. DeFazio, Jason Christopher - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
146. DeFeo, David A. - 37 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
147. DeLeo, Vito Joseph - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
148. Delie, Danielle - 47 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
149. Della Pietra, Joseph A. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
150. Delli Gatti, Palmina - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
151. DeLuca, Joseph - 52 - Ledgewood, NJ - Un 93
152. Demas, Anthony - 61 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
153. DeMeo, Martin N. - 47 - Farmingville, NY - Dec E/R
154. DePalma, Jean C. - 42 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
155. DeRienzo, Michael - 37 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
156. Derubbio, David Paul - 38 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec E/R
157. DeSimone III, Edward - 36 - Atlantic Highlands, NJ - Dec WTC
158. DeSimone, Christian D. - 23 - Ringwood, NJ - Dec WTC
159. Desperito, Andrew J. - 44 - East Patchogue, NY - Dec E/R
160. D'Esposito, Michael Jude - 32 - Morganville, NJ - Dec WTC
161. DeVere, Melanie Louise - 30 - Portsmouth, England - Dec WTC
162. DeVito, Jerry - 66 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
163. Di Nardo Schorpp, Marisa - 38 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
164. Diagostino, Michael L. - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
165. Dichiaro, Patricia F. - 63 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
166. DiFato, John - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
167. DiFazio, Vincent Francis - 43 - Hampton, NJ - Dec WTC
168. DiFranco, Carl - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
169. DiFranco, Donald J. - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
170. DiMartino, Debra Ann - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
171. DiMeglio, David - 22 - Wakefield, MA - Am 11
172. Dimino, Stephen Patrick - 48 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
173. Dionisio Jr., Anthony - 38 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
174. DiPasquale, George - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
175. DiPilato, Joseph - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
176. DiStefano, Douglas Frank - 24 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
177. DiTullio, Donald Americo - 49 - Peabody, MA - Am 11
178. Domanico, James Joseph - 56 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
179. Eacobacci, Joseph Anthony - 26 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
180. Fallone Jr., Anthony J. - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
181. Fanelli, Dolores B. - 38 - Farmingville, NY - Dec WTC
182. Farino, Thomas J. - 37 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec E/R
183. Fava, Shannon M. - 30 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
184. Favuzza, Bernard D. - 52 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
185. Fazio, Robert - 41 - Freeport, NY - Dec E/R
186. Fazio, Ronald Carl - 57 - Closter, NJ - Dec WTC
187. Ferraina, Elisa Giselle - 27 - London, England - Dec WTC
188. Ferreira, Anne Marie Sallerin - 29 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
189. Ferrugio, David Francis - 46 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
190. Fersini, Louis V. - 38 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
191. Ferugio, Michael - 37 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
192. Fiorelli, Stephen J. - 43 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
193. Fiori, Paul - 31 - Yorktown Heights, NY - Dec WTC
194. Fiorito, John - 40 - Stamford, CT - Dec WTC
195. Fiumefreddo, Salvatore A. - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
196. Flocco, Matthew Michael - 21 - Newark, DE - Dec Ptn
197. Florio, John Joseph - 33 - Oceanside, NY - Dec E/R
198. Fontana, David - 37 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
199. Foti, Robert Joseph - 42 - Albertson, NY - Dec E/R
200. Fumando, Clement - 59 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
201. Furmato, Paul James - 37 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
202. Gabrielle, Richard S. - 50 - West Haven, CT - Dec WTC
203. Galante, Deanna - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
204. Galante, Grace - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
205. Galletti, Lourdes - 33 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
206. Gallo, Cono E. - 30 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
207. Gallucci, Vincenzo - 36 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
208. Gambale, Giovanna "Genni" - 27 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
209. Gambino Jr., Thomas - 48 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
210. Gamboa, Giann F. - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
211. Gamboa, Ronald - 33 - Los Angeles, CA - Un 175
212. Ganci, Peter - 54 - North Massapequa, NY - Dec E/R
213. Garbarini, Charles William - 43 - Pleasantville, NY - Dec E/R
214. Garfi, Francesco - 29 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
215. Gargano, Rocco - 28 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
216. Gazzani, Terence D. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
217. Genco, Peter Victor - 36 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
218. Genovese, Steven Gregory - 37 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
219. Giaccone, Joseph M. - 43 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
220. Giammona, Vincent Francis - 40 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec E/R
221. Giordano, Donna Marie - 44 - Parlin, NJ - Dec WTC
222. Giordano, Jeffrey John - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
223. Giordano, John J. - 46 - Newburgh, NY - Dec E/R
224. Giorgetti, Steven A. - 43 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
225. Giovinazzo Jr., Martin - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
226. Giraldo, Jinny Lady - 27 - Unknown - Msg WTC
227. Gitto, Salvatore - 44 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
228. Giugliano, Cynthia - 46 - Nesconset, NY - Dec WTC
229. Gnazzo, John T. - 32 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
230. Gogliormella, Michael - 43 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
231. Granitto, Elvira - 43 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
232. Grazioso, John Michael - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
233. Grazioso, Tim - 42 - Gulf Stream, FL - Dec WTC
234. Grillo, Joseph F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
235. Guzzardo, Barbara - 49 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
236. Ianelli Jr., Joseph Anthony - 28 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
237. Ielpi, Jonathan Lee - 29 - Great Neck, NY - Dec E/R
238. Infante Jr., Anthony P. - 47 - Mountainside, NJ - Dec E/R
239. Inghilterra, Louis Steven - 46 - New Castle, NY - Dec WTC
240. Ingrassia, Christopher N. - 28 - Watchung, NJ - Dec WTC
241. Innella, Paul William - 33 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
242. LaBorie, Kathryn L. - 44 - Providence, RI - Un 175
243. LaCorte, Andrew - 61 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
244. Lafalce, Joseph A. - 54 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
245. LaForte, Michael Patrick - 39 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
246. Lafranco, Alan - 43 - Unknown - Msg WTC
247. Lamana, Michael Scott - 31 - Baton Rouge, LA - Dec Ptn
248. LaMantia, Steven - 38 - Darien, CT - Dec WTC
249. Langone, Peter J. - 41 - Roslyn Heights, NY - Dec E/R
250. Langone, Thomas Michael - 39 - Williston Park, NY - Dec E/R
251. Lanza, Michele B. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
252. Lauria, Stephen James - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
253. Lavelle, Denis F. - 42 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
254. Laverde, Jeannine M. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
255. Lepore, Michael - 39 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
256. Libretti, Daniel F. - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
257. Licciardi, Ralph M. - 30 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
258. Lillo, Carlos R. - 37 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
259. Lilore, Craig Damian - 30 - Lyndhurst, NJ - Dec WTC
260. Linares, Tomas Gallegos - - Queretaro, Mexico - Msg WTC
261. Lipari, Diane Theresa - 42 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
262. Lira, Kenneth P. - 28 - Paterson , NJ - Msg WTC
263. Liriano, Francisco Alberto - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
264. Lisi, Lorraine - 44 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
265. Litto, Vincent M. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
266. Livera, Joseph - 67 - Unknown - Dec WTC
267. Lizcano, Harold - 31 - East Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
268. Lostrangio, Joseph - 48 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
269. Lovero, Joseph - 60 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
270. Lucania, Charles Peter - 34 - East Atlantic Beach, NY - Dec WTC
271. Lugano, Sean Thomas - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
272. Lugo, Daniel - 45 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
273. Luparello, Anthony - 62 - Corona, NY - Dec WTC
274. Luzzicone, Linda - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
275. Maffeo, Jennieann - 40 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
276. Maffeo, Joseph - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
277. Maggitti, Joseph - 47 - Abington, MD - Dec WTC
278. Maio, Joseph - 32 - Roslyn Harbor, NY - Dec WTC
279. Maldonado, Debora I. - 47 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
280. Maldonado-Agosto, Myrna T. - 49 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
281. Mancini, Francisco - 26 - Astoria, NY - Dec WTC
282. Mangano, Joseph - 53 - Jackson, NJ - Dec WTC
283. Mannetta, Debra M. - 31 - Islip, NY - Dec WTC
284. Marchese, Laura A. Giglio - 35 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
285. Margiotta, Charles Joseph - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
286. Mariani, Louis Neil - 59 - Derry, NH - Un 175
287. Marino, Kenneth Joseph - 40 - Monroe, NY - Dec E/R
288. Marino, Lester Vincent - 57 - Massapequa, NY - Dec WTC
289. Marino, Vita - 49 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
290. Marlo, Kevin D. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
291. Marrero, Jose J. - 32 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
292. Martello, James - 41 - Rumson, NJ - Dec WTC
293. Marti, Michael A. - 26 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
294. Martini, Paul Richard - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
295. Mascali, Joseph A. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
296. Masi, Stephen F. - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
297. Massa, Nicholas "Nick" - 65 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
298. Massari, Patricia Ann - 25 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
299. Massaroli, Michael - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
300. Mastrandrea, Philip W. - 42 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
301. Mastrocinque, Rudolph - 43 - Kings Park, NY - Dec WTC
302. Mattricciano, Marcello - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
303. Matuza, Walter - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
304. Mauro, Charles A. - 65 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
305. Mauro, Charles J. - 38 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
306. Mauro, Dorothy - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
307. Mauro, Nancy T. - 51 - Forest Hills, NY - Dec WTC
308. Mazza-Delosh, Kathy Nancy - 46 - Farmingdale, NY - Dec E/R
309. Mazzella Jr., Edward - 62 - Monroe, NY - Dec WTC
310. Mazzotta, Jennifer - 23 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
311. Medaglia, Rocco - 49 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
312. Medina, Abigail - 46 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
313. Medina, Ana Iris - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
314. Mello, Christopher D. - 25 - Boston, MA - Am 11
315. Mena, Diarelia Jovannah - 30 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
316. Mentis, Shevonne - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
317. Mercado, Steve - 38 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
318. Mercurio, Ralph Joseph - 47 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
319. Merino, George C. - 39 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
320. Merino, Yamel - 24 - Yonkers, NY - Dec E/R
321. Micciulli, William Edward - 30 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
322. Milano, Peter Teague - 43 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
323. Minara, Robert - 54 - Carmel, NY - Dec E/R
324. Minardi, William G. - 46 - Bedford, NY - Dec WTC
325. Minervino, Louis Joseph - 54 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
326. Mingione, Thomas - - West Islip, NY - Msg E/R
327. Mirpuri, Rajesh A. - 30 - Engelwood Cliffs, NJ - Dec WTC
328. Mistrulli, Joseph - 47 - Wantagh, NY - Dec WTC
329. Miuccio, Richard - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
330. Moccia Sr., Frank V. - 57 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
331. Modafferi, Louis Joseph - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
332. Molina, Fernando Jiminez - - Oaxaca, Mexico - Msg WTC
333. Molina, Manuel Dejesus - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
334. Molinaro, Carl - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
335. Molisani Jr., Justin J. - 42 - Middletown Township, NJ - Dec WTC
336. Montanaro, Kristen - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
337. Montano, Craig D. - 38 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
338. Montesi, Michael G. - 39 - Highland Mills, NY - Dec E/R
339. Morabito, Laura Lee - 34 - Framingham, MA - Am 11
340. Morello, Steven P. - 52 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
341. Morello, Vincent S. - 34 - Middle Village, NY - Dec E/R
342. Moreno, Arturo Alva - - Mexico City, Mexico - Msg WTC
343. Moreno, Yvette Nicole - 25 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
344. Morrone, Ferdinand V. - 63 - Lakewood, NJ - Dec E/R
345. Motroni Sr., Marco - 57 - Fort Lee, NJ - Dec WTC
346. Mozzillo, Christopher - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
347. Murillo, Cesar Augusto - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
348. Murolo, Marc A. - 28 - Maywood, NJ - Dec WTC
349. Napolitano, John - 33 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
350. Nardella, Catherine - 40 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
351. Nardone, Mario - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
352. Navarro, Karen S. - 30 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
353. Nazario, Francis - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
354. Nichilo, Jody Tepedino - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
355. Nicosia, Kathleen Ann - 54 - Winthrop, MA - Am 11
356. Notaro, Daniela R. - 25 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
357. Oliva, Linda Mary - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
358. Orsini, Ronald - 59 - Hillsdale, NJ - Dec WTC
359. Osorio-Oliva, Elsy Carolina - 27 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
360. Palazzo, Jeffrey Matthew - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
361. Palazzo, Thomas Anthony - 44 - Armonk, NY - Dec WTC
362. Palazzolo, Richard - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
363. Palombo, Frank A. - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
364. Palumbo, Alan - 42 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
365. Pandolfo, Dominique Lisa - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
366. Pansini, Paul J. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
367. Paolillo, John M. - 51 - Glen Head, NY - Dec E/R
368. Papa, Edward Joseph - 47 - Oyster Bay, NY - Dec WTC
369. Papasso, Salvatore - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
370. Pappalardo, Marie - 53 - Paramount, CA - Un 175
371. Parro, Robert - 35 - Levittown, NY - Dec E/R
372. Passananti, Horace Robert - 55 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
373. Passaro, Suzanne H. - 38 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
374. Pastrana, Victor Antonio Martinez - - Tlachichuca, Puebla, Mexico - Msg WTC
375. Patrocino, Manuel - 34 - Unknown - Dec WTC
376. Pecorelli, Thomas Nicholas - 31 - Topanga, CA - Am 11
377. Pedicini, Thomas E. - 30 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
378. Pelino, Todd D. - 34 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
379. Peluso, Anthony - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
380. Peralta, Carl Allen - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
381. Percoco, Marie Vola - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
382. Perconti, Jon Anthony - 32 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
383. Perroncino, Joseph John - 33 - Smithtown, NY - Dec WTC
384. Perrotta, Edward Joseph - 43 - Mount Sinai, NY - Dec WTC
385. Pesce, Danny - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
386. Petrocelli, Mark - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
387. Petti, Philip Scott - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
388. Pezzulo, Dominick A. - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
389. Pezzuti, Kaleen E. - 28 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
390. Piantieri, Eugenia - 55 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
391. Picarro, Ludwig J. - 44 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
392. Picerno, Matthew - 44 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
393. Pietronico, Bernard T. - 39 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
394. Pietrunti, Nicholas P. - 38 - Belford, NJ - Dec WTC
395. Pinto, Susan Elizabeth Ancona - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
396. Plumitallo, Joseph - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
397. Pollicino, Steve - 48 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
398. Pollio, Susan M. - 45 - Long Beach Township, NJ - Dec WTC
399. Portillo, Anthony - 48 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
400. Potorti, James Edward - 52 - Plainsboro, NJ - Dec WTC
401. Preziose, Gregory M. - 34 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
402. Princiotta, Vincent - 39 - Orangeburg, NY - Dec E/R
403. Pugliese, Robert D. - 47 - East Fishkill, NY - Dec WTC
404. Puopolo, Sonia Morales - 58 - Dover, MA - Am 11
405. Racaniello, Christopher Peter A. - 30 - Little Neck, NY - Dec WTC
406. Ragaglia, Leonard - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
407. Raggio, Eugene J. - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
408. Ragonese-Snik, Laura Marie - 41 - Bangor, PA - Dec WTC
409. Ragusa, Michael - - Unknown - Msg E/R
410. Raimondi, Peter F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
411. Rauzi, Gerard - 42 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
412. Reda, Gregory - 33 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
413. Reina, Joseph - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
414. Renda, Karen C. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
415. Reo, John Armand - 28 - Larchmont, NY - Dec WTC
416. Rescorla, Richard C. - 62 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
417. Resta, John Thomas - 40 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
418. Resta, Sylvia San Pio - 27 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
419. Riccardelli, Francis Saverio - 40 - Westwood, NJ - Dec WTC
420. Riccio, Rudolph N. - 50 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
421. Riccoboni, AnnMarie Davi - 58 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
422. Rigo, John M. - 48 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
423. Rimmele III, Frederick Charles - 32 - Marblehead, MA - Un 175
424. Risco, Theresa "Ginger" - 48 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
425. Riso, Rose Mary - 55 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
426. Rivelli Jr., Joseph - 43 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
427. Riverso, Joseph R. - 34 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
428. Rizza, Paul V. - 34 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
429. Rizzo, John Frank - 50 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
430. Roberto, Joseph - 37 - Midland Park, NJ - Dec WTC
431. Roma, Keith - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
432. Romagnolo, Joseph M. - 37 - Coram, NY - Dec WTC
433. Romero Sr., Efrain Franco - 57 - Hazleton, PA - Dec WTC
434. Romero, Elvin Santiago - 34 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
435. Romito, James A. - 51 - Westwood, NJ - Dec E/R
436. Rosario, Aida - 42 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
437. Rosario, Angela - 27 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
438. Rossetti, Daniel - 32 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
439. Rossomando, Nicholas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
440. Rubino, Joanne - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
441. Ruggiere, Bart Joseph - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
442. Ruggiero, Susan Ann - 30 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
443. Sabella, Thomas E. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
444. Sacerdote, Joseph F. - 48 - Freehold, NJ - Dec WTC
445. Salamone, John Patrick - 37 - North Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
446. Salamone, Marjorie C. - 53 - Springfield, VA - Dec Ptn
447. Salcedo, Esmerlin Antonio - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
448. Salerno, John Salvatore - 31 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
449. Salinardi, Richard L. - 32 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
450. Salvaterra, Frank G. - 41 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
451. Salvio, Paul - 27 - Midwood, NY - Dec WTC
452. Salvo, Samuel R. - 59 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
453. Sammartino, John - 37 - Annadale, VA - Am 77
454. Santo, Susan G. - 24 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
455. Santora, Christopher - 23 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
456. Santore, John - 49 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
457. Santoro, Mario L. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
458. Santos, Dominick - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
459. Santos, Rufino Condrado F. "Roy" - 37 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
460. Saracini, Victor J. - 51 - Lower Makefield Township, PA - Un 175
461. Sattaluri, Deepika Kumar - 33 - Edison, NJ - Dec WTC
462. Sbarbaro, John - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
463. Scandole, Robert Louis "Rob" - 36 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
464. Scarpitta, Michelle - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
465. Scauso, Dennis - 46 - Dix Hills, NY - Dec E/R
466. Scibetta, Adrianne - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
467. Scorca, Raphael - 61 - Beachwood, NJ - Dec WTC
468. Sellitto, Matthew Carmen - 23 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
469. Sereno, Arturo Angelo - 29 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
470. Serrano, Frankie - 23 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
471. Serva, Marion - 47 - Stafford, VA - Dec Ptn
472. Sesinova, Alena - 57 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
473. Sessa, Adele - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
474. Sezna Jr., Davis G. "Deeg" - 22 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
475. Siracuse, Peter A. - 29 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
476. Skala, John P. - 31 - Clifton, NJ - Dec E/R
477. Smagala Jr., Stanley S. - 36 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
478. Sorresse, Michael C. - 34 - Morris Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
479. Soto, Fabian - 31 - Harrison, NJ - Dec WTC
480. Spagnoletti, Gregory T. - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
481. Spampinato, Donald - 39 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
482. Sparacio, Thomas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
483. Spataro, John Anthony - 32 - Mineola, NY - Dec WTC
484. Sperando, Mary Rubina - 39 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
485. Spinelli, Frank J. - 44 - Short Hills, NJ - Dec WTC
486. Starita, Anthony M. - 35 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
487. Strada, Thomas S. - 41 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
488. Suozzo, James Joseph - 47 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
489. Taddei, Norma C. - 64 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
490. Taddonio, Michael - 39 - Huntington, NY - Dec WTC
491. Talignani, John - 74 - New York, NY - Un 93
492. Tamuccio, Michael Andrew - 37 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
493. Taormina, Dennis Gerard - 36 - Montville, NJ - Dec WTC
494. Tarantino, Kenneth Joseph - 39 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
495. Tartaro, Ronald - 38 - Bridgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
496. Tempesta, Anthony - 38 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
497. Terrenzi, Brian John - 28 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
498. Tieri Jr., Sal Edward - 40 - Shrewsbury, NJ - Dec WTC
499. Tieste, William Randolph - 54 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
500. Tino, Jennifer Marie - 29 - West Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
501. Tipaldi, Robert Frank - 25 - Dyker Heights, NY - Dec WTC
502. Tirado Jr., Hector Luis - 30 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
503. Tirado, David Lawrence - 26 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
504. Titolo, Michelle - 34 - Copiague, NY - Dec WTC
505. Todisco, Richard J. - 61 - Wyckoff, NJ - Dec WTC
506. Traina, Christopher M. - 25 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
507. Traore, Abdoul Karim - 41 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
508. Trentini, James Anthony - 65 - Everett, MA - Am 11
509. Trentini, Mary - 67 - Everett, MA - Am 11
510. Trerotola, Lisa L. - 36 - Hazlet, NJ - Dec WTC
511. Trerra, Karamo - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
512. Trombino, Francis Joseph - 68 - Clifton, NJ - Dec WTC
513. Tuzio, Donald Joseph - 51 - Goshen, NY - Dec WTC
514. Uliano, Michael A. - 42 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
515. Vaccacio, John Damien - 30 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
516. Valvo II, Carlton Francis - 38 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
517. Varacchi, Frederick T. - 35 - Greenwich, CT - Dec WTC
518. Velamuri, Sankara - 63 - Avenel, NJ - Dec WTC
519. Ventura, Anthony M. - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
520. Vera, David - 41 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
521. Vero, Loretta A. - 51 - Nanuet, NY - Dec WTC
522. Vialonga, Christopher - 30 - Demarest, NJ - Dec WTC
523. Vianna, Matthew Gilbert - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
524. Vicario, Robert A. - 40 - Weehawken, NJ - Dec WTC
525. Vigiano II, John T. - 36 - West Islip, NY - Dec E/R
526. Vigiano, Joseph Vincent - 34 - Medford, NY - Dec E/R
527. Vignola Jr., Frank J. - 44 - Merrick, NY - Dec WTC
528. Vilardo, Joseph B. - 44 - Stanhope, NJ - Dec WTC
529. Villanueva, Sergio - 33 - Jackson Heights, NY - Msg E/R
530. Vincelli, Chantal - 38 - Harlem, NY - Dec WTC
531. Virgilio, Francine A. - 48 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
532. Virgilio, Lawrence - 38 - Unknown - Dec E/R
533. Visciano, Joseph G. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
534. Vitale, Joshua S. - 28 - Great Neck, NY - Dec WTC
535. Zaccoli, Joseph - 39 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
536. Zambrana Jr., Edwin J. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
537. Zampieri, Robert Alan "Robbie" - 30 - Saddle River, NJ - Dec WTC
538. Zangrilli, Mark - 36 - Pompton Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
539. Zarba, Christopher Rudoph - 47 - Hopkinton, MA - Am 11
540. Zedillo, Aurelio - - Mexico - Msg WTC
541. Zinzi, Michael Joseph - 37 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
542. Zisa, Salvatore J. - 45 - Hawthorne, NJ - Dec WTC
543. Zuccala, Joseph J. - 54 - Croton-on-Hudson, NY - Dec WTC

Never Forget...

--GVI

September 11, 2018

Closed since 1997, the Cressoni Theater in Como was destined to be demolished, making way for modern luxury residence. As happens often in ancient Italy, the more you dig, the more you find... but what a find this was!
A hoard of ancient Roman gold coins...

A soapstone jar dating from the fifth century AD was found this week, full of ancient Roman gold coins that could be worth millions of dollars. The unique coins that date back to the late Roman imperial era were uncovered in the cracked soapstone jar, broken when workers first came upon it. “We do not yet know in detail the historical and cultural significance of this discovery but this area is a real treasure for our archeology,” Minister of Culture Alberto Bonisoli said in a press release published on Friday.

As is common when archeological artifacts are uncovered, construction will be halted until further excavation is carried out by archeologists, who believe the site could also contain jewelry and gold ingots. The excavation site is close to the Foro Novum Comum, an area known for some major Roman artifacts discoveries.

--GVI

His name doesn’t sound Irish when you read it in the Spanish naval documents, but Guillermo Herries (a Portuguese translation of his name) was really William Harris of Galway. It’s no surprise that Irish children never heard of “Guillermo” even though he was a member of Columbus’ First Voyage with the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria…

As historians have theorized based on their evidence, William Harris first met Columbus at St Nicholas’ Church in Galway in 1477. Some say he discussed strange, unknown plant seeds and other objects washing up along the shoreline in Ireland possibly from some far off land, while others think Harris boasted to Columbus that he had actually sailed to those lands to the west. Columbus was also emboldened by stories he heard of the 6th century monk, St. Brendan and his voyage to the New World.

It’s not too difficult to believe that Harris might have reached America before 1492, since it’s been proven that Leif Erickson had also been there hundreds of years earlier in a failed attempt at setting up a colony in the northern regions.

“Guillermo Herries” is one of 38 people listed as being left by Columbus in Haiti to form
the first European settlement in the New World. In the end, after a short time, the native population slaughtered them all.

Still, we must honor both the Italians, Portuguese and even the Irishman that took part in opening up the New World to European culture…
 
Happy Saint Patrick's Day a tutti!

--Jerry Finzi