April 25, the Festa della Liberazione is an Italian national holiday that commemorates the liberation from fascist domination in Italy. On this day you might hear the partisan song,
Bella Ciao on the radio, in parades, or sung by small groups in small town piazzi all over Italy. It is the song of I Partigiani, men and women who fought against the Nazis and Fascists primarily in Northern Italy from 1943 to 1945. This is the period called La Resistenza, the Resistance.

The song is set to the melody of a traditional folk song and became the anthem of the Italian resistance movement during World War II, sung by the anti-fascist rebels who fought against the atrocities of the Nazis and Benito Mussolini. The lyrics are symbolic of the sacrifices made for freedom. Each April 25 there are Liberation Day festivities throughout the country, paying tribute to those who lost their lives in in the fight to free their country.

In 1943, Mussolini was deposed by the King Victor Emmanuel III of Savoy. The new government signed an armistice with the allied forces, while Mussolini was helped by the Nazis, fleeing to Northern Italy where he created a puppet state. After liberating Southern and Central Italy, the Americans passed through the Apennines. Partisans became an effective fighting force against the Nazis and Fascists in the mountain towns.

On April 25th, 1945 Northern Italy was at last liberated. Mussolini would be executed by Partisans after a quick, public trial near Milano within 4 days. Shot along with his mistress, Claretta Petacci, and his other henchmen, their bodies were at first laid out in Piazzale Loreto where huge crowds of Italians took turns throwing trash on them, kicking and worse. Afterwards, their bodies were hung upside-down on the rafters of the local gas station. Perhaps a fitting end to one of the monsters of modern history.

However, instead of burning the body of Mussolini (as perhaps should have been done) his body was first buried, then stolen, and afterwards found and hidden secretely in a monastary for eleven years. Unfortunately (for the Italy and the World), in May 1957 the newly appointed Prime Minister, Adone Zoli, agreed to Mussolini's interment at his place of birth in Predappio in Romagna. This was for obvious political reasons since Zoli was reliant on the far right to support him in Parliament. Sadly, even today, the remains of Mussolini has become a pro-fascist shrine or sorts. For this reason, it's a very good thing that the Russians "lost" the body of Hitler.

Since the Liberation, Italy has been free from dictators, although the current neo-fascist movements are a signal to never forget what history has taught us... 

--Jerry Finzi

Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City was the first establishment to use the name "restaurant". They were the first restaurant to have printed menus. They were the first restaurant to offer a cookbook. They were the first restaurant to serve women sitting without men at their own table (how shocking!)

Delmonico's was also the first dining establishment in America to price individual dishes à la carte, as was the custom in Paris. Before this, American inns served one price and only one dish--no menu. Everyone was charged the same fixed price whether they ate more or less than other patrons. They were also the first to open (for a while) the Delmonico Hotel, without the standard "room and board" pricing, but charged for room and meals separately.

They were the first restaurant considered to be "fine dining", attracting celebrities and presidents alike. By 1862, Chef de Cuisine, Charles Ranhofer some of the most famous American dishes such as Eggs Benedict, Baked Alaska, Lobster Newburg and Chicken A la Keene (yes, not "King").Ranhofer published his cookbook, The Epicurean," in 1894.

Giovanni and Pietro Delmonico immigrated from from Ticino, Switzerland, their family roots being in the Trentino region of the Italian Alps. The brothers opened their first restaurant in 1827 in a rented pastry shop at 23 William Street, selling classically prepared pastries, fine coffee, chocolates, bonbons, wines and liquors as well as Havana cigars. In 1831 they were joined by their nephew, Lorenzo Delmonico, who was responsible for the wine list and developing its unique menu. In the coming years, Lorenzo learned every aspect of the restaurant business and was the driving force behind its impeccable standards of both product and service.

In 1834, the brothers earmarked $16,000 (worth $500,000 today) from their profits to purchase a 220 acre farm in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. The brothers built an imposing Italian villa at the farm but primarily used the land to cultivate vegetables unknown to Americans for their restaurant, such as endive, sorrel, eggplant, asparagus, Lupini beans, tomato and artichoke. But of course, Delmonico's has become world-renowned for their aged steaks.

Their first three restaurants were all destroyed by fire after which they purchased a triangular lot in Lower Manhattan and opening their landmark restaurant at Williams Street in 1893. Marketing geniuses, they claimed the two Corinthian columns at the portico were "salvaged" from Pompeii (many dispute this claim).

They weren't attempting to serve Italian cuisine by the looks of their original menus, but to offer an upscale "European" menu, which in all parts of Europe during the 17th - 19th centuries were mainly based on Parisian fare. As their popularity with New York's elite grew, the Delmonico family opened other restaurants under the name, operating up to four at a time. In total they had opened 10, illustrating the determination of this family.

The popularity of their restaurant (with its high priced menu) drew both local and national politicians, financiers such as Vanderbuilt, luminaries like Mark Twain and Italian inventor Tesla. Domenico's was (and still is) a place to discuss the financing for inventors, presidential campaigns, hob-nob with opera stars and authors... definitely now a place for the hoi polloi or common workers of Manhattan

There is a chain of restaurants called "Delmonico's Italian Steakhouse" in New York State and Florida that has nothing to do with Delmonico's in New York City. In contrast, this corporate creation is a mashup of Beefsteak Charlies and Olive Garden for the middle class of culinary appetites. The food is a bit high priced for its chain restaurant selections and quality, the steaks are garden variety, about the same as Outback or a bit less, and the menu is cluttered with Italian-American dishes with big, sloppy portions.

As for the lack of classy decor, just take a look at the stereotypes of what an Italian-American is supposed to be plastered on their walls... caricatures of past "Italian" pop icons such as Sinatra or Andrew Dice-Clay along with with big-busted babes. There is a plush booth canned the "Sinatra" and an "Italian Wanna-bee" room, with caricatures actors who play Italians, but aren't. The piped in music is Sinatra, Perry Como, Tony Bennett or Dean Martin and other Rat Pack types. If this is your idea of what an Italian restaurant is supposed to be, have at it. They saw you coming anyway.

If you care about the true Italian culinary heritage, stay clear of these joints.

--GVI

You might also be interested in these articles...

History of Fettuccine all' Alfredo
Did Jews Introduce Coffee and Coffeehouses to Italy?
From the Fifties: Chef Boyardee Pizza Kit
Behind Bars: A Gourmet Dining Experience in Volterra
Bronx's Arthur Avenue: The Biggest Little Italy
The Art, Science and History of Coffee in Italy
Espresso Master, Renato Bialetti Dies at 93

List of September 11 Victims of Italian Heritage

1. Abate, Andrew Anthony - 37 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
   
2. Abate, Vincent - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
3. Aceto, Richard Anthony - 42 - Wantagh , NY - Dec WTC
4. Acquaviva, Paul Andrew - 29 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
5. Addamo, Christy A. - 28 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
6. Addo, Sophia Buruwa - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
7. Afflitto, Daniel Thomas - 32 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
8. Agnello, Joseph - 35 - Belle Harbor, NY - Dec E/R
9. Alameno, Andrew - 37 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
10. Alario, Margaret Ann Jezycki "Peggy" - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
11. Albero, Gary - 39 - Emerson, NJ - Dec WTC
12. Allegretto, Edward L. - 51 - Colonia, NJ - Dec WTC
13. Amaranto, Angelo - 60 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
14. Amato, James M. - 43 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
15. Amatuccio, Joseph - 41 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
16. Amoroso, Christopher C. - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
17. Anchundia, Joseph Peter - 26 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
18. Andreacchio, John - 52 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
19. Angelini Jr., Joseph - 38 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
20. Angelini Sr., Joseph - 63 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
21. Angilletta, Laura - 23 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
22. Angrisani, Doreen J. - 44 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
23. Aquilino, Frank Thomas "F.T." - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
24. Arias, Adam P. - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
25. Asaro, Carl Francis - 39 - Middletown, NY - Dec E/R
26. Aversano Jr., Frank Louis - 58 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
27. Badagliacca, John James - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
28. Bantis, Kathy - 44 - Chicago, IL - Dec WTC
29. Baptiste, Gerard Jean - 35 - Riverdale, NY - Dec E/R
30. Barbara, Gerard A. - 53 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
31. Barbaro, Paul V. - 35 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
32. Barbella, James W. - 53 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
33. Barbosa, Ivan Kiryllos Fairbanks - 30 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
34. Barbosa, Victor Daniel - 23 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
35. Barbuto, Christine - 32 - Brookline, MA - Am 11
36. Basina, Inna - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
37. Battaglia, Paul James - 22 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
38. Bautista, Ivhan Luis Carpio - 24 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
39. Bautista, Marlyn C. - 46 - Iselin, NJ - Dec WTC
40. Beatini, Paul F. - 40 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
41. Bella, Andrea Della - 59 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
42. Bellows, Debbie S. - 30 - East Windsor, NJ - Dec WTC
43. Benedetti, Paul Michael - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
44. Benedetto, Denise Lenore - 40 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
45. Berardi, Dominick J. - 25 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
46. Boccardi, Michael Andrew - 30 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
47. Bocchi, John Paul - 38 - New Vernon, NJ - Dec WTC
48. Bocchino, Michael Leopoldo - 45 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
49. Bochino, Susan Mary - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
50. Boffa, Mary Katherine - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
51. Bolourchi, Touran Hamzavi - 69 - Beverly Hills, CA - Un 175
52. Bonomo, Frank - 42 - Port Jefferson, NY - Dec E/R
53. Bonomo, Yvonne L. - 30 - Jackson Heights, NY - Dec WTC
54. Borda Leyva, Juan Jose - 58 - New York, NY - Msg WTC
55. Bosco, Richard E. - 34 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
56. Braca, Alfred J. - 54 - Leonardo, NJ - Dec WTC
57. Bravo, Lydia Estelle - 50 - Dunellen, NJ - Dec WTC
58. Brito, Victoria Alvarez - 38 - Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
59. Bucca, Ronald Paul - 47 - Tuckahoe, NY - Dec E/R
60. Bulaga Jr., John E. - 35 - Haskell, NJ - Dec WTC
61. Buslo, Irina - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
62. Bustillo, Milton - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
63. Caballero, Daniel Martin - 21 - Houston, TX - Dec Ptn
64. Cachia, Brian Joseph - 26 - Fresh Meadows, NY - Dec WTC
65. Cafiero Jr., Steven - 31 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
66. Caggiano, Richard M. - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
67. Caguicla, Cecile M. - 55 - Boonton, NJ - Dec WTC
68. Calabro, Salvatore - 38 - Staten Island , NY - Dec E/R
69. Calandrillo, Joseph - 49 - Hawley, PA - Dec WTC
70. Calcagno, Philip V. - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
71. Calia, Dominick Enrico - 40 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
72. Calvi, Luigi "Gino" - 34 - East Rutherford, NJ - Dec WTC
73. Cammarata, Michael F. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
74. Candela, John A. - 42 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
75. Cangelosi, Vincent - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
76. Cangialosi, Stephen J. - 40 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
77. Cannava, Lisa B. - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
78. Cannizzaro, Brian - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
79. Caporicci, Louis A. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
80. Cappello, Jonathan Neff - 23 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
81. Caproni, Richard M. - 34 - Lynbrook, NY - Dec WTC
82. Cardona, Jose - 35 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
83. Carlino, Edward - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
84. Carlo, Michael Scott - 34 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
85. Carlone, David G. - 46 - Randolph, NJ - Dec WTC
86. Carpeneto, Joyce Ann - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
87. Casazza, John F. - 38 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
88. Cascio, Paul Reegan - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
89. Casoria, Thomas Anthony - 29 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
90. Castano, Alejandro - 35 - Edgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
91. Castillo, Arcelia "Chela" - 49 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
92. Castrianno, Leonard - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
93. Castro, Jose Ramon - 37 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
94. Catarelli, Richard G. - 47 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
95. Centeno, Ana M. - 38 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
96. Cesta, Joni - 37 - Bellmore, NY - Dec WTC
97. Chalasani, Swarna - 33 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
98. Chiarchiaro, Dorothy J. - 61 - Glenwood, NY - Dec WTC
99. Chiofalo Jr., Nicholas P. - 39 - Selden, NY - Dec E/R
100. Chirchirillo, Peter A. - 47 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
101. Ciafardini, Christopher - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
102. Ciccone, Alex F. - 38 - New Rochelle, NY - Dec WTC
103. Cilente, Frances Ann - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
104. Cillo, Elaine - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
105. Cirri, Robert D. - 39 - Nutley, NJ - Dec E/R
106. Coladonato III, Anthony Joseph - 47 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
107. Colaio, Mark Joseph - 34 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
108. Colaio, Stephen J. - 32 - Montauk, NY - Dec WTC
109. Colasanti, Christopher M. - 33 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
110. Conde, Albert - 62 - Englishtown, NJ - Dec WTC
111. Coppo Jr., Joseph J. - 47 - New Canaan, CT - Dec WTC
112. Coppola, Gerard J. - 46 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
113. Cordice, Robert - 28 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
114. Correa, Ruben D. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
115. Correa-Gutierrez, Daniel A. - 25 - Fairview, NJ - Dec WTC
116. Costa, Dolores Marie - 53 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
117. Costanza, Alexandra Digna - 25 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
118. Costello, Charles Gregory - 46 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
119. Costello, Michael S. - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
120. Crifasi, Lucia - 51 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
121. Crisci, John - 48 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
122. Cuccinello, Thelma - 71 - Wilmot Flat, NH - Am 11
123. Cudina, Richard Joseph - 46 - Glen Gardner, NJ - Dec WTC
124. Curatolo, Robert - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
125. Curia, Laurence - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
126. Curioli, Paul Dario - 53 - Norwalk, CT - Dec WTC
127. Da Mota, Manuel J. - 44 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
128. DaCosta, Carlos S. - 41 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
129. D'Allara, John - 47 - Pearl River , NY - Dec E/R
130. D'Amadeo, Vincent - 36 - East Patchouge, NY - Dec WTC
131. D'Ambrosi, Jack L. - 45 - Woodcliff Lake, NJ - Dec WTC
132. Damiani-Jones, Jeannine Marie - 28 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
133. D'Antonio, Mary Yolanda - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
134. D'Atri, Edward Alexander - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
135. D'Auria, Michael D. - 25 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
136. de Laura, Cristina - - Unknown - Msg WTC
137. de Laura, Oscar - - Unknown - Msg WTC
138. De Martini, Francis Albert - 49 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
139. De Santis, Jemal Legesse - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
140. DeAngelis Jr., Robert J. - 47 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
141. DeAngelis, Thomas P. - 51 - Westbury, NY - Dec E/R
142. DeBarrera, Ana Gloria Pocasangre - 49 - Soyapango, El Salvador - Dec WTC
143. DeCola, Paul - 39 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
144. Deconto, Gerald Francis - 44 - Sandwich, MA - Dec Ptn
145. DeFazio, Jason Christopher - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
146. DeFeo, David A. - 37 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
147. DeLeo, Vito Joseph - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
148. Delie, Danielle - 47 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
149. Della Pietra, Joseph A. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
150. Delli Gatti, Palmina - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
151. DeLuca, Joseph - 52 - Ledgewood, NJ - Un 93
152. Demas, Anthony - 61 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
153. DeMeo, Martin N. - 47 - Farmingville, NY - Dec E/R
154. DePalma, Jean C. - 42 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
155. DeRienzo, Michael - 37 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
156. Derubbio, David Paul - 38 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec E/R
157. DeSimone III, Edward - 36 - Atlantic Highlands, NJ - Dec WTC
158. DeSimone, Christian D. - 23 - Ringwood, NJ - Dec WTC
159. Desperito, Andrew J. - 44 - East Patchogue, NY - Dec E/R
160. D'Esposito, Michael Jude - 32 - Morganville, NJ - Dec WTC
161. DeVere, Melanie Louise - 30 - Portsmouth, England - Dec WTC
162. DeVito, Jerry - 66 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
163. Di Nardo Schorpp, Marisa - 38 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
164. Diagostino, Michael L. - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
165. Dichiaro, Patricia F. - 63 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
166. DiFato, John - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
167. DiFazio, Vincent Francis - 43 - Hampton, NJ - Dec WTC
168. DiFranco, Carl - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
169. DiFranco, Donald J. - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
170. DiMartino, Debra Ann - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
171. DiMeglio, David - 22 - Wakefield, MA - Am 11
172. Dimino, Stephen Patrick - 48 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
173. Dionisio Jr., Anthony - 38 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
174. DiPasquale, George - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
175. DiPilato, Joseph - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
176. DiStefano, Douglas Frank - 24 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
177. DiTullio, Donald Americo - 49 - Peabody, MA - Am 11
178. Domanico, James Joseph - 56 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
179. Eacobacci, Joseph Anthony - 26 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
180. Fallone Jr., Anthony J. - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
181. Fanelli, Dolores B. - 38 - Farmingville, NY - Dec WTC
182. Farino, Thomas J. - 37 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec E/R
183. Fava, Shannon M. - 30 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
184. Favuzza, Bernard D. - 52 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
185. Fazio, Robert - 41 - Freeport, NY - Dec E/R
186. Fazio, Ronald Carl - 57 - Closter, NJ - Dec WTC
187. Ferraina, Elisa Giselle - 27 - London, England - Dec WTC
188. Ferreira, Anne Marie Sallerin - 29 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
189. Ferrugio, David Francis - 46 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
190. Fersini, Louis V. - 38 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
191. Ferugio, Michael - 37 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
192. Fiorelli, Stephen J. - 43 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
193. Fiori, Paul - 31 - Yorktown Heights, NY - Dec WTC
194. Fiorito, John - 40 - Stamford, CT - Dec WTC
195. Fiumefreddo, Salvatore A. - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
196. Flocco, Matthew Michael - 21 - Newark, DE - Dec Ptn
197. Florio, John Joseph - 33 - Oceanside, NY - Dec E/R
198. Fontana, David - 37 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
199. Foti, Robert Joseph - 42 - Albertson, NY - Dec E/R
200. Fumando, Clement - 59 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
201. Furmato, Paul James - 37 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
202. Gabrielle, Richard S. - 50 - West Haven, CT - Dec WTC
203. Galante, Deanna - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
204. Galante, Grace - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
205. Galletti, Lourdes - 33 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
206. Gallo, Cono E. - 30 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
207. Gallucci, Vincenzo - 36 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
208. Gambale, Giovanna "Genni" - 27 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
209. Gambino Jr., Thomas - 48 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
210. Gamboa, Giann F. - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
211. Gamboa, Ronald - 33 - Los Angeles, CA - Un 175
212. Ganci, Peter - 54 - North Massapequa, NY - Dec E/R
213. Garbarini, Charles William - 43 - Pleasantville, NY - Dec E/R
214. Garfi, Francesco - 29 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
215. Gargano, Rocco - 28 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
216. Gazzani, Terence D. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
217. Genco, Peter Victor - 36 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
218. Genovese, Steven Gregory - 37 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
219. Giaccone, Joseph M. - 43 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
220. Giammona, Vincent Francis - 40 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec E/R
221. Giordano, Donna Marie - 44 - Parlin, NJ - Dec WTC
222. Giordano, Jeffrey John - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
223. Giordano, John J. - 46 - Newburgh, NY - Dec E/R
224. Giorgetti, Steven A. - 43 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
225. Giovinazzo Jr., Martin - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
226. Giraldo, Jinny Lady - 27 - Unknown - Msg WTC
227. Gitto, Salvatore - 44 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
228. Giugliano, Cynthia - 46 - Nesconset, NY - Dec WTC
229. Gnazzo, John T. - 32 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
230. Gogliormella, Michael - 43 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
231. Granitto, Elvira - 43 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
232. Grazioso, John Michael - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
233. Grazioso, Tim - 42 - Gulf Stream, FL - Dec WTC
234. Grillo, Joseph F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
235. Guzzardo, Barbara - 49 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
236. Ianelli Jr., Joseph Anthony - 28 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
237. Ielpi, Jonathan Lee - 29 - Great Neck, NY - Dec E/R
238. Infante Jr., Anthony P. - 47 - Mountainside, NJ - Dec E/R
239. Inghilterra, Louis Steven - 46 - New Castle, NY - Dec WTC
240. Ingrassia, Christopher N. - 28 - Watchung, NJ - Dec WTC
241. Innella, Paul William - 33 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
242. LaBorie, Kathryn L. - 44 - Providence, RI - Un 175
243. LaCorte, Andrew - 61 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
244. Lafalce, Joseph A. - 54 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
245. LaForte, Michael Patrick - 39 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
246. Lafranco, Alan - 43 - Unknown - Msg WTC
247. Lamana, Michael Scott - 31 - Baton Rouge, LA - Dec Ptn
248. LaMantia, Steven - 38 - Darien, CT - Dec WTC
249. Langone, Peter J. - 41 - Roslyn Heights, NY - Dec E/R
250. Langone, Thomas Michael - 39 - Williston Park, NY - Dec E/R
251. Lanza, Michele B. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
252. Lauria, Stephen James - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
253. Lavelle, Denis F. - 42 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
254. Laverde, Jeannine M. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
255. Lepore, Michael - 39 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
256. Libretti, Daniel F. - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
257. Licciardi, Ralph M. - 30 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
258. Lillo, Carlos R. - 37 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
259. Lilore, Craig Damian - 30 - Lyndhurst, NJ - Dec WTC
260. Linares, Tomas Gallegos - - Queretaro, Mexico - Msg WTC
261. Lipari, Diane Theresa - 42 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
262. Lira, Kenneth P. - 28 - Paterson , NJ - Msg WTC
263. Liriano, Francisco Alberto - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
264. Lisi, Lorraine - 44 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
265. Litto, Vincent M. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
266. Livera, Joseph - 67 - Unknown - Dec WTC
267. Lizcano, Harold - 31 - East Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
268. Lostrangio, Joseph - 48 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
269. Lovero, Joseph - 60 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
270. Lucania, Charles Peter - 34 - East Atlantic Beach, NY - Dec WTC
271. Lugano, Sean Thomas - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
272. Lugo, Daniel - 45 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
273. Luparello, Anthony - 62 - Corona, NY - Dec WTC
274. Luzzicone, Linda - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
275. Maffeo, Jennieann - 40 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
276. Maffeo, Joseph - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
277. Maggitti, Joseph - 47 - Abington, MD - Dec WTC
278. Maio, Joseph - 32 - Roslyn Harbor, NY - Dec WTC
279. Maldonado, Debora I. - 47 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
280. Maldonado-Agosto, Myrna T. - 49 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
281. Mancini, Francisco - 26 - Astoria, NY - Dec WTC
282. Mangano, Joseph - 53 - Jackson, NJ - Dec WTC
283. Mannetta, Debra M. - 31 - Islip, NY - Dec WTC
284. Marchese, Laura A. Giglio - 35 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
285. Margiotta, Charles Joseph - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
286. Mariani, Louis Neil - 59 - Derry, NH - Un 175
287. Marino, Kenneth Joseph - 40 - Monroe, NY - Dec E/R
288. Marino, Lester Vincent - 57 - Massapequa, NY - Dec WTC
289. Marino, Vita - 49 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
290. Marlo, Kevin D. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
291. Marrero, Jose J. - 32 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
292. Martello, James - 41 - Rumson, NJ - Dec WTC
293. Marti, Michael A. - 26 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
294. Martini, Paul Richard - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
295. Mascali, Joseph A. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
296. Masi, Stephen F. - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
297. Massa, Nicholas "Nick" - 65 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
298. Massari, Patricia Ann - 25 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
299. Massaroli, Michael - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
300. Mastrandrea, Philip W. - 42 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
301. Mastrocinque, Rudolph - 43 - Kings Park, NY - Dec WTC
302. Mattricciano, Marcello - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
303. Matuza, Walter - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
304. Mauro, Charles A. - 65 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
305. Mauro, Charles J. - 38 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
306. Mauro, Dorothy - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
307. Mauro, Nancy T. - 51 - Forest Hills, NY - Dec WTC
308. Mazza-Delosh, Kathy Nancy - 46 - Farmingdale, NY - Dec E/R
309. Mazzella Jr., Edward - 62 - Monroe, NY - Dec WTC
310. Mazzotta, Jennifer - 23 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
311. Medaglia, Rocco - 49 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
312. Medina, Abigail - 46 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
313. Medina, Ana Iris - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
314. Mello, Christopher D. - 25 - Boston, MA - Am 11
315. Mena, Diarelia Jovannah - 30 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
316. Mentis, Shevonne - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
317. Mercado, Steve - 38 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
318. Mercurio, Ralph Joseph - 47 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
319. Merino, George C. - 39 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
320. Merino, Yamel - 24 - Yonkers, NY - Dec E/R
321. Micciulli, William Edward - 30 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
322. Milano, Peter Teague - 43 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
323. Minara, Robert - 54 - Carmel, NY - Dec E/R
324. Minardi, William G. - 46 - Bedford, NY - Dec WTC
325. Minervino, Louis Joseph - 54 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
326. Mingione, Thomas - - West Islip, NY - Msg E/R
327. Mirpuri, Rajesh A. - 30 - Engelwood Cliffs, NJ - Dec WTC
328. Mistrulli, Joseph - 47 - Wantagh, NY - Dec WTC
329. Miuccio, Richard - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
330. Moccia Sr., Frank V. - 57 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
331. Modafferi, Louis Joseph - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
332. Molina, Fernando Jiminez - - Oaxaca, Mexico - Msg WTC
333. Molina, Manuel Dejesus - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
334. Molinaro, Carl - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
335. Molisani Jr., Justin J. - 42 - Middletown Township, NJ - Dec WTC
336. Montanaro, Kristen - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
337. Montano, Craig D. - 38 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
338. Montesi, Michael G. - 39 - Highland Mills, NY - Dec E/R
339. Morabito, Laura Lee - 34 - Framingham, MA - Am 11
340. Morello, Steven P. - 52 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
341. Morello, Vincent S. - 34 - Middle Village, NY - Dec E/R
342. Moreno, Arturo Alva - - Mexico City, Mexico - Msg WTC
343. Moreno, Yvette Nicole - 25 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
344. Morrone, Ferdinand V. - 63 - Lakewood, NJ - Dec E/R
345. Motroni Sr., Marco - 57 - Fort Lee, NJ - Dec WTC
346. Mozzillo, Christopher - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
347. Murillo, Cesar Augusto - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
348. Murolo, Marc A. - 28 - Maywood, NJ - Dec WTC
349. Napolitano, John - 33 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
350. Nardella, Catherine - 40 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
351. Nardone, Mario - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
352. Navarro, Karen S. - 30 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
353. Nazario, Francis - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
354. Nichilo, Jody Tepedino - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
355. Nicosia, Kathleen Ann - 54 - Winthrop, MA - Am 11
356. Notaro, Daniela R. - 25 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
357. Oliva, Linda Mary - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
358. Orsini, Ronald - 59 - Hillsdale, NJ - Dec WTC
359. Osorio-Oliva, Elsy Carolina - 27 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
360. Palazzo, Jeffrey Matthew - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
361. Palazzo, Thomas Anthony - 44 - Armonk, NY - Dec WTC
362. Palazzolo, Richard - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
363. Palombo, Frank A. - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
364. Palumbo, Alan - 42 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
365. Pandolfo, Dominique Lisa - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
366. Pansini, Paul J. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
367. Paolillo, John M. - 51 - Glen Head, NY - Dec E/R
368. Papa, Edward Joseph - 47 - Oyster Bay, NY - Dec WTC
369. Papasso, Salvatore - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
370. Pappalardo, Marie - 53 - Paramount, CA - Un 175
371. Parro, Robert - 35 - Levittown, NY - Dec E/R
372. Passananti, Horace Robert - 55 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
373. Passaro, Suzanne H. - 38 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
374. Pastrana, Victor Antonio Martinez - - Tlachichuca, Puebla, Mexico - Msg WTC
375. Patrocino, Manuel - 34 - Unknown - Dec WTC
376. Pecorelli, Thomas Nicholas - 31 - Topanga, CA - Am 11
377. Pedicini, Thomas E. - 30 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
378. Pelino, Todd D. - 34 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
379. Peluso, Anthony - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
380. Peralta, Carl Allen - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
381. Percoco, Marie Vola - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
382. Perconti, Jon Anthony - 32 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
383. Perroncino, Joseph John - 33 - Smithtown, NY - Dec WTC
384. Perrotta, Edward Joseph - 43 - Mount Sinai, NY - Dec WTC
385. Pesce, Danny - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
386. Petrocelli, Mark - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
387. Petti, Philip Scott - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
388. Pezzulo, Dominick A. - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
389. Pezzuti, Kaleen E. - 28 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
390. Piantieri, Eugenia - 55 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
391. Picarro, Ludwig J. - 44 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
392. Picerno, Matthew - 44 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
393. Pietronico, Bernard T. - 39 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
394. Pietrunti, Nicholas P. - 38 - Belford, NJ - Dec WTC
395. Pinto, Susan Elizabeth Ancona - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
396. Plumitallo, Joseph - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
397. Pollicino, Steve - 48 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
398. Pollio, Susan M. - 45 - Long Beach Township, NJ - Dec WTC
399. Portillo, Anthony - 48 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
400. Potorti, James Edward - 52 - Plainsboro, NJ - Dec WTC
401. Preziose, Gregory M. - 34 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
402. Princiotta, Vincent - 39 - Orangeburg, NY - Dec E/R
403. Pugliese, Robert D. - 47 - East Fishkill, NY - Dec WTC
404. Puopolo, Sonia Morales - 58 - Dover, MA - Am 11
405. Racaniello, Christopher Peter A. - 30 - Little Neck, NY - Dec WTC
406. Ragaglia, Leonard - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
407. Raggio, Eugene J. - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
408. Ragonese-Snik, Laura Marie - 41 - Bangor, PA - Dec WTC
409. Ragusa, Michael - - Unknown - Msg E/R
410. Raimondi, Peter F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
411. Rauzi, Gerard - 42 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
412. Reda, Gregory - 33 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
413. Reina, Joseph - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
414. Renda, Karen C. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
415. Reo, John Armand - 28 - Larchmont, NY - Dec WTC
416. Rescorla, Richard C. - 62 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
417. Resta, John Thomas - 40 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
418. Resta, Sylvia San Pio - 27 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
419. Riccardelli, Francis Saverio - 40 - Westwood, NJ - Dec WTC
420. Riccio, Rudolph N. - 50 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
421. Riccoboni, AnnMarie Davi - 58 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
422. Rigo, John M. - 48 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
423. Rimmele III, Frederick Charles - 32 - Marblehead, MA - Un 175
424. Risco, Theresa "Ginger" - 48 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
425. Riso, Rose Mary - 55 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
426. Rivelli Jr., Joseph - 43 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
427. Riverso, Joseph R. - 34 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
428. Rizza, Paul V. - 34 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
429. Rizzo, John Frank - 50 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
430. Roberto, Joseph - 37 - Midland Park, NJ - Dec WTC
431. Roma, Keith - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
432. Romagnolo, Joseph M. - 37 - Coram, NY - Dec WTC
433. Romero Sr., Efrain Franco - 57 - Hazleton, PA - Dec WTC
434. Romero, Elvin Santiago - 34 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
435. Romito, James A. - 51 - Westwood, NJ - Dec E/R
436. Rosario, Aida - 42 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
437. Rosario, Angela - 27 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
438. Rossetti, Daniel - 32 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
439. Rossomando, Nicholas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
440. Rubino, Joanne - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
441. Ruggiere, Bart Joseph - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
442. Ruggiero, Susan Ann - 30 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
443. Sabella, Thomas E. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
444. Sacerdote, Joseph F. - 48 - Freehold, NJ - Dec WTC
445. Salamone, John Patrick - 37 - North Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
446. Salamone, Marjorie C. - 53 - Springfield, VA - Dec Ptn
447. Salcedo, Esmerlin Antonio - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
448. Salerno, John Salvatore - 31 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
449. Salinardi, Richard L. - 32 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
450. Salvaterra, Frank G. - 41 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
451. Salvio, Paul - 27 - Midwood, NY - Dec WTC
452. Salvo, Samuel R. - 59 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
453. Sammartino, John - 37 - Annadale, VA - Am 77
454. Santo, Susan G. - 24 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
455. Santora, Christopher - 23 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
456. Santore, John - 49 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
457. Santoro, Mario L. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
458. Santos, Dominick - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
459. Santos, Rufino Condrado F. "Roy" - 37 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
460. Saracini, Victor J. - 51 - Lower Makefield Township, PA - Un 175
461. Sattaluri, Deepika Kumar - 33 - Edison, NJ - Dec WTC
462. Sbarbaro, John - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
463. Scandole, Robert Louis "Rob" - 36 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
464. Scarpitta, Michelle - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
465. Scauso, Dennis - 46 - Dix Hills, NY - Dec E/R
466. Scibetta, Adrianne - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
467. Scorca, Raphael - 61 - Beachwood, NJ - Dec WTC
468. Sellitto, Matthew Carmen - 23 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
469. Sereno, Arturo Angelo - 29 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
470. Serrano, Frankie - 23 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
471. Serva, Marion - 47 - Stafford, VA - Dec Ptn
472. Sesinova, Alena - 57 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
473. Sessa, Adele - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
474. Sezna Jr., Davis G. "Deeg" - 22 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
475. Siracuse, Peter A. - 29 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
476. Skala, John P. - 31 - Clifton, NJ - Dec E/R
477. Smagala Jr., Stanley S. - 36 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
478. Sorresse, Michael C. - 34 - Morris Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
479. Soto, Fabian - 31 - Harrison, NJ - Dec WTC
480. Spagnoletti, Gregory T. - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
481. Spampinato, Donald - 39 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
482. Sparacio, Thomas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
483. Spataro, John Anthony - 32 - Mineola, NY - Dec WTC
484. Sperando, Mary Rubina - 39 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
485. Spinelli, Frank J. - 44 - Short Hills, NJ - Dec WTC
486. Starita, Anthony M. - 35 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
487. Strada, Thomas S. - 41 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
488. Suozzo, James Joseph - 47 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
489. Taddei, Norma C. - 64 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
490. Taddonio, Michael - 39 - Huntington, NY - Dec WTC
491. Talignani, John - 74 - New York, NY - Un 93
492. Tamuccio, Michael Andrew - 37 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
493. Taormina, Dennis Gerard - 36 - Montville, NJ - Dec WTC
494. Tarantino, Kenneth Joseph - 39 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
495. Tartaro, Ronald - 38 - Bridgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
496. Tempesta, Anthony - 38 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
497. Terrenzi, Brian John - 28 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
498. Tieri Jr., Sal Edward - 40 - Shrewsbury, NJ - Dec WTC
499. Tieste, William Randolph - 54 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
500. Tino, Jennifer Marie - 29 - West Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
501. Tipaldi, Robert Frank - 25 - Dyker Heights, NY - Dec WTC
502. Tirado Jr., Hector Luis - 30 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
503. Tirado, David Lawrence - 26 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
504. Titolo, Michelle - 34 - Copiague, NY - Dec WTC
505. Todisco, Richard J. - 61 - Wyckoff, NJ - Dec WTC
506. Traina, Christopher M. - 25 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
507. Traore, Abdoul Karim - 41 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
508. Trentini, James Anthony - 65 - Everett, MA - Am 11
509. Trentini, Mary - 67 - Everett, MA - Am 11
510. Trerotola, Lisa L. - 36 - Hazlet, NJ - Dec WTC
511. Trerra, Karamo - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
512. Trombino, Francis Joseph - 68 - Clifton, NJ - Dec WTC
513. Tuzio, Donald Joseph - 51 - Goshen, NY - Dec WTC
514. Uliano, Michael A. - 42 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
515. Vaccacio, John Damien - 30 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
516. Valvo II, Carlton Francis - 38 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
517. Varacchi, Frederick T. - 35 - Greenwich, CT - Dec WTC
518. Velamuri, Sankara - 63 - Avenel, NJ - Dec WTC
519. Ventura, Anthony M. - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
520. Vera, David - 41 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
521. Vero, Loretta A. - 51 - Nanuet, NY - Dec WTC
522. Vialonga, Christopher - 30 - Demarest, NJ - Dec WTC
523. Vianna, Matthew Gilbert - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
524. Vicario, Robert A. - 40 - Weehawken, NJ - Dec WTC
525. Vigiano II, John T. - 36 - West Islip, NY - Dec E/R
526. Vigiano, Joseph Vincent - 34 - Medford, NY - Dec E/R
527. Vignola Jr., Frank J. - 44 - Merrick, NY - Dec WTC
528. Vilardo, Joseph B. - 44 - Stanhope, NJ - Dec WTC
529. Villanueva, Sergio - 33 - Jackson Heights, NY - Msg E/R
530. Vincelli, Chantal - 38 - Harlem, NY - Dec WTC
531. Virgilio, Francine A. - 48 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
532. Virgilio, Lawrence - 38 - Unknown - Dec E/R
533. Visciano, Joseph G. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
534. Vitale, Joshua S. - 28 - Great Neck, NY - Dec WTC
535. Zaccoli, Joseph - 39 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
536. Zambrana Jr., Edwin J. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
537. Zampieri, Robert Alan "Robbie" - 30 - Saddle River, NJ - Dec WTC
538. Zangrilli, Mark - 36 - Pompton Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
539. Zarba, Christopher Rudoph - 47 - Hopkinton, MA - Am 11
540. Zedillo, Aurelio - - Mexico - Msg WTC
541. Zinzi, Michael Joseph - 37 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
542. Zisa, Salvatore J. - 45 - Hawthorne, NJ - Dec WTC
543. Zuccala, Joseph J. - 54 - Croton-on-Hudson, NY - Dec WTC

Never Forget...

--GVI

Riding in his Popemobile across Piazza san Pietro on May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot by Mehmet Ali Aqca, who had escaped from a Turkish prison after receiving a life sentence for murdering a journalist. Aqca fired four shots with his pistol with two shots striking the Pope in his lower abdomen, and two more in his arm and finger. There were also two other people who were shot and survived.

Aqca had an accomplice who was supposed to set off a bomb but instead fled the scene.   Both Aqca and Oral Celik were captured and arrested.

The Pope survived his severe injuries, and then asked Catholics to pray for Aqca, whom he had forgiven.

An Italian court sentenced Aqca to life in prison. In 1983, John Paul II visited him in his stark prison cell and spent time praying and talking. The Pope stayed in touch with Aqca’s family during the years and in 2000 requested his pardon. The request was granted.

Aqca was released and deported to Turkey, where he was imprisoned for the life sentence he had fled decades prior. He converted to Christianity while incarcerated, and was finally released in 2010.

In December 2014, Aqca returned to Rome and
laid two dozen white roses at the pope’s tomb.

His name doesn’t sound Irish when you read it in the Spanish naval documents, but Guillermo Herries (a Portuguese translation of his name) was really William Harris of Galway. It’s no surprise that Irish children never heard of “Guillermo” even though he was a member of Columbus’ First Voyage with the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria…

As historians have theorized based on their evidence, William Harris first met Columbus at St Nicholas’ Church in Galway in 1477. Some say he discussed strange, unknown plant seeds and other objects washing up along the shoreline in Ireland possibly from some far off land, while others think Harris boasted to Columbus that he had actually sailed to those lands to the west. Columbus was also emboldened by stories he heard of the 6th century monk, St. Brendan and his voyage to the New World.

It’s not too difficult to believe that Harris might have reached America before 1492, since it’s been proven that Leif Erickson had also been there hundreds of years earlier in a failed attempt at setting up a colony in the northern regions.

“Guillermo Herries” is one of 38 people listed as being left by Columbus in Haiti to form
the first European settlement in the New World. In the end, after a short time, the native population slaughtered them all.

Still, we must honor both the Italians, Portuguese and even the Irishman that took part in opening up the New World to European culture…
 
Happy Saint Patrick's Day a tutti!

--Jerry Finzi

Evangelista Torricelli was born Oct. 15, 1608 in Faenza, Romagna. He was an Italian physicist and mathematician who invented the barometer, a device that measures atmospheric pressure, commonly used in forecasting changes in the weather. The catalyst for inventing the barometer was spurred on my a suggestion by Galileo that Torricelli use mercury in place of water for his vacuum experiments. 

After reading his papers in 1641, Galileo invited Torricelli to Florence, where he became the aging astronomer's secretary and assistant during the last three months of Galileo’s life. After Galileo's death, Torricelli was appointed as his successor as professor of mathematics at the Florentine Academy.
 
Two years later, pursuing the suggestion by Galileo, he filled a glass tube 4 feet (1.2 m) long with mercury and inverted the tube into a dish. He observed that some of the mercury did not flow out and that the space above the mercury in the tube was a vacuum. Torricelli became the first man to create a sustained vacuum. His observations proved that the variation of the height of the mercury from day to day was caused by changes in atmospheric pressure. He never published his findings, however, because he was too deeply involved in the study of pure mathematics. Since atmospheric pressure also changes with altitude, Torricelli's barometer also could be used as an altimeter.

Torricelli died Oct. 25, 1647 in Florence at a mere 39 years old.

As a further honor, Torricelli had both a crater on the moon and a submarine named after him...

At the beginning of 2017, we've started  re-construction and re-organization of Grand Voyage Italy's pages. If you don't find what you are looking for on this new History page, use the Search Box to find what you need. Grazie!