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We're All About Italy

History

Will Jill Biden's Italian Roots Influence Joe?

11/20/2020

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Jill Biden might not be a full blooded Italian descendant, but there are many Italian-Americans who are only half Italian yet still identify themselves as "Italian" when asked.

For instance, I'm a first generation Italian-American with both of my parents being Italian, but my wife has an Italian father and Polish mother. The interesting thing is, she has never really identified as Polish-American since most of her cultural influences growing up were from the Italian side of her family. Even late night TV host Jimmy Kimmel (originally Kummel, from his German paternal grandfather), thinks of himself as Italian-American, since the great family influences were from the Neapolitan side of his mother's family. 

There has been recent talk of Jill Biden having Italian roots, but I wonder how she identifies herself when asked about her heritage. I'm certain, for politically correct reasons, her answer to journalists would be, "I'm American". Still, in my experience, having even a tiny bit of Italian blood running through someone's veins is enough for anyone to proudly embrace their Italian roots. Who wouldn't want to be Italian?

Jill Tracy Jacobs Biden is half Italian. Her grandfather, Domenico Giacoppo emigrated from the small Sicilian village of Gesso, escaping the poverty and chaos created by recent earthquakes in the region of Messina. He later changed his name, in an attempt to Americanize it, to Jacobs.

Jill's father, Donald Carl Jacobs (1927–1999), was a U.S. Navy signalman during World War II, who afterwards used the G.I. Bill to attend business school, eventually becoming head of a savings and loan institution in Philadelphia. Her mother, Bonny Jean Godfrey Jacobs (1930–2008), was homemaker of English and Scottish descent.

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Jill's Italian cousins celebrating Biden's success
One of Biden's distant Sicilian cousins, Caterina Giacoppo offered an invitation that has gotten a lot of press lately... “Jill, I’m here, my house is open for you, as is our entire Sicilian village of Gesso where your grandfather came from. Please do come visit us next time you travel to Italy.” Gesso is a tiny, close-knit community with only 600 inhabitants in the province of Messina.

She went on, "I would be very happy if Jill came here ... I would like to meet her. We are ready to have a nice party all over the commune. If you come, I'll cook you baked pasta, roasted braciolettine arrostite and other local delicacies such as eggplant parmigiana, pasta alla 'ncasciata and cannoli filled with fresh goat ricotta, which is one of my specialties"
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Gesso

Flavors of Gesso, Sicily


Pasta alla 'Ncasciata
is the local, Messinese version of baked pasta
with eggplant and caciocavallo cheese.

Braciolettine Arrostite is from the Arabo-Sicula cuisine, a mix of Arab and Sicilian flavors. Similar to beef brasciole, it's charcoal grilled with a stuffing of currants,
pine nuts and pecorino cheese.

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Biden's grandfather, Domenico Giacoppo came to America in 1899, his wife and children arrived one year later
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Jill Biden's grandmother, Angela Giacoppo and children listed on the Patria ship manifest from 1900
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One to go for Joe!

Will we be seeing pasta and pizza nights at the White House soon? Only time will tell, but as far as we're concerned, Joe Biden is more than just an Irish-Catholic... he's Italian by sheer association! The evidence is clear since his go-to menu for many past fund-raising dinners includes a caprese salad, angel hair pasta pomodoro, raspberry sorbet, and biscotti.

Good luck to them both!

--Jerry Finzi
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Biden delivering pizza to Pittsburgh first responders
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Delmonico's - the Earliest Italian-Named Restaurant in the U.S.

3/5/2019

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Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City was the first establishment to use the name "restaurant". They were the first restaurant to have printed menus. They were the first restaurant to offer a cookbook. They were the first restaurant to serve women sitting without men at their own table (how shocking!)

Delmonico's was also the first dining establishment in America to price individual dishes à la carte, as was the custom in Paris. Before this, American inns served one price and only one dish--no menu. Everyone was charged the same fixed price whether they ate more or less than other patrons. They were also the first to open (for a while) the Delmonico Hotel, without the standard "room and board" pricing, but charged for room and meals separately.

They were the first restaurant considered to be "fine dining", attracting celebrities and presidents alike. By 1862, Chef de Cuisine, Charles Ranhofer some of the most famous American dishes such as Eggs Benedict, Baked Alaska, Lobster Newburg and Chicken A la Keene (yes, not "King").Ranhofer published his cookbook, The Epicurean," in 1894.

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Giovanni and Pietro Delmonico immigrated from from Ticino, Switzerland, their family roots being in the Trentino region of the Italian Alps. The brothers opened their first restaurant in 1827 in a rented pastry shop at 23 William Street, selling classically prepared pastries, fine coffee, chocolates, bonbons, wines and liquors as well as Havana cigars. In 1831 they were joined by their nephew, Lorenzo Delmonico, who was responsible for the wine list and developing its unique menu. In the coming years, Lorenzo learned every aspect of the restaurant business and was the driving force behind its impeccable standards of both product and service.

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The Delmonico Farm and Villa
In 1834, the brothers earmarked $16,000 (worth $500,000 today) from their profits to purchase a 220 acre farm in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. The brothers built an imposing Italian villa at the farm but primarily used the land to cultivate vegetables unknown to Americans for their restaurant, such as endive, sorrel, eggplant, asparagus, Lupini beans, tomato and artichoke. But of course, Delmonico's has become world-renowned for their aged steaks.

Their first three restaurants were all destroyed by fire after which they purchased a triangular lot in Lower Manhattan and opening their landmark restaurant at Williams Street in 1893. Marketing geniuses, they claimed the two Corinthian columns at the portico were "salvaged" from Pompeii (many dispute this claim).
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One early and one later menu from the 19th century
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They weren't attempting to serve Italian cuisine by the looks of their original menus, but to offer an upscale "European" menu, which in all parts of Europe during the 17th - 19th centuries were mainly based on Parisian fare. As their popularity with New York's elite grew, the Delmonico family opened other restaurants under the name, operating up to four at a time. In total they had opened 10, illustrating the determination of this family.

The popularity of their restaurant (with its high priced menu) drew both local and national politicians, financiers such as Vanderbuilt, luminaries like Mark Twain and Italian inventor Tesla. Domenico's was (and still is) a place to discuss the financing for inventors, presidential campaigns, hob-nob with opera stars and authors... definitely now a place for the hoi polloi or common workers of Manhattan

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1884 parody of elites feasting at Delmonico's while the hungry poor beg for a handout
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Mark Twain and his dinner party
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Nicola Tesla enticing financiers at Delmonico's
Oscar Tucci bought it in 1926 and turned it into a speakeasy during Prohibition, purchasing the third liquor license in New York after the liquor started flowing again. The Tucci family ran the business as Oscar's Delmonico until the 1980s. Various imitators opened other "Delmonico's" but were unrelated to the original family or its philosophy. Today at the landmark Williams Street restaurant, a large corporation runs a close approximation to the old world dining experience that the Brothers Delmonico first realized.  

--Jerry Finzi

Delmonico's Website
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Purchase the Epicurean Cookbook!

Delmonico's Italian Steakhouse
is NOT Delmonico's

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There is a chain of restaurants called "Delmonico's Italian Steakhouse" in New York State and Florida that has nothing to do with Delmonico's in New York City. In contrast, this corporate creation is a mashup of Beefsteak Charlies and Olive Garden for the middle class of culinary appetites. The food is a bit high priced for its chain restaurant selections and quality, the steaks are garden variety, about the same as Outback or a bit less, and the menu is cluttered with Italian-American dishes with big, sloppy portions.

As for the lack of classy decor, just take a look at the stereotypes of what an Italian-American is supposed to be plastered on their walls... caricatures of past "Italian" pop icons such as Sinatra or Andrew Dice-Clay along with with big-busted babes. There is a plush booth canned the "Sinatra" and an "Italian Wanna-bee" room, with caricatures actors who play Italians, but aren't. The piped in music is Sinatra, Perry Como, Tony Bennett or Dean Martin and other Rat Pack types. If this is your idea of what an Italian restaurant is supposed to be, have at it. They saw you coming anyway.

If you care about the true Italian culinary heritage, stay clear of these joints.

--GVI

You might also be interested in these articles...

History of Fettuccine all' Alfredo
Did Jews Introduce Coffee and Coffeehouses to Italy?
From the Fifties: Chef Boyardee Pizza Kit
Behind Bars: A Gourmet Dining Experience in Volterra
Bronx's Arthur Avenue: The Biggest Little Italy

The Art, Science and History of Coffee in Italy

Espresso Master, Renato Bialetti Dies at 93

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The Adoption Wheel: La Ruota del Trovatello

1/15/2019

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PictureOspedale Santo Spirito in Rome
I’ve researched and written on orphans and adoption customs in Italy before, but in the last few months I’ve come up with another reason to be interested in Italian orphanages… I’ve discovered that my great-great grandfather was an orphan. Apparently, the “First Anselmo” as we are calling him (there were more after him) was offspring of a nobleman from Molfetta and a servant girl. We have the surname of the father but only the first name of the mother. After being educated in the orphanage at Giovinazzo, Puglia he lived with two other families, neither of which had the surname Finzi. So we have a new family mystery to solve… why Finzi? And why Catholic? (Most Finzis in Italy are Jewish).

I suppose that someday I might get my hands on the adoption records from 1836. I’ve read that there can be a lot of information gained due to the narrative style of report written about each foundling during that period. But in the last part of the 19th century, the adoption procedures slimmed down to the barest of information. However, if the foundling was placed in a Ruota del Trovatello (Foundling Wheel), there might never be any information about who the parents of the child were. You see, the Ruota was a type of drum shaped cabinet on a pivot, used in orphanages to receive unwanted babies--anonymously.

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During those hard times, there were a significant percentage of abandoned babies from both unmarried women and married couples. Poor peasants with several other children could not afford to feed yet another child. They would anonymously abandon the child at the Ruota, typically built into the wall of the local convent or Ospizio (orphanage).
The problem of unwanted newborns has been documented in Italy since Roman times when babies abandoned next to a column in a forum were either taken home by strangers to serve as slaves or left to die. Pope Innocent III was so shocked by the large number of dead babies floating in the Tiber River that he institutionalized the “foundling wheel” in the 12th century as a solution for dealing with the large number of foundlings—infants abandoned by their parents and left to die or be discovered and cared for by others. The size of the Ruota was purposely kept infant-sized to prevent older children from being abandoned. Older children were thought of as workers and laborers, and rather than be abandoned, worked on the farm or became apprentices to a local tradesman.

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The practice of using foundling wheels to dispose of unwanted children gained in popularity and became a common practice in medieval Europe. By the early part of the 19th century, names were often recorded when people gave up their children to the orphanage or church openly, a practice often done when there might come a time when they wanted the child back—as they became more solvent or when an older child could work on a family farm. But surnames could never be known when they put the child in the Ruote. For this reason, many often pinned a charm or special memento to the child that could be identified if they ever wanted to reverse their decision. The babies were given surnames such as Esposito (exposed), Proietti (thrown away), and Innocenti (innocent). People with such names can usually trace their family tree back to a foundling. It was only after 1926 that an Italian law banned the use of such discriminatory names, when names were given to describe the time of year (Primavera) or the month (Maggio) the child was abandoned.
(Read more about orphan names HERE)

Safe Ways to Abandon Babies in Modern Society

In many countries, there are still modern versions of the Ruota… usually a climate controlled drawer in which a baby could be placed. Multilingual posters in modern Rome read—“Don’t abandon your baby! Leave it with us.” The practice of placing unwanted infants in a modern foundling wheel, heated baby hatch, stork cradle, stainless steel baby box, maternity ward, or designated safe haven is a practice that is still used today in many European countries and the United States and the practice is gaining in popularity throughout the world to combat child infanticide.

Some legal problems with modern baby hatches are connected to a child’s right to know their own identity, as guaranteed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Baby hatches also deprive the father of his right to find out what has happened to his child, though DNA testing of foundlings would seem to offer a partial solution. I suppose as strange as the Ruota sounds, it has saved the lived of countless children in Italy and around the world…

As for me, I now know we come from a lineage of Finzi’s that come to a sudden, mysterious beginning in 1836. Since my great-great grandfather seems to have been placed into the orphanage with some paperwork filled out, perhaps someday I’ll be able to continue to trace our family tree further and further back in time.
 
--Jerry Finzi

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Victims of 9/11 of Italian Descent

9/11/2018

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List of September 11 Victims of Italian Heritage
  1. Abate, Andrew Anthony - 37 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
  2. Abate, Vincent - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  3. Aceto, Richard Anthony - 42 - Wantagh , NY - Dec WTC
  4. Acquaviva, Paul Andrew - 29 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
  5. Addamo, Christy A. - 28 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
  6. Addo, Sophia Buruwa - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  7. Afflitto, Daniel Thomas - 32 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  8. Agnello, Joseph - 35 - Belle Harbor, NY - Dec E/R
  9. Alameno, Andrew - 37 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
  10. Alario, Margaret Ann Jezycki "Peggy" - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  11. Albero, Gary - 39 - Emerson, NJ - Dec WTC
  12. Allegretto, Edward L. - 51 - Colonia, NJ - Dec WTC
  13. Amaranto, Angelo - 60 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  14. Amato, James M. - 43 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
  15. Amatuccio, Joseph - 41 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
  16. Amoroso, Christopher C. - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  17. Anchundia, Joseph Peter - 26 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  18. Andreacchio, John - 52 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  19. Angelini Jr., Joseph - 38 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
  20. Angelini Sr., Joseph - 63 - Lindenhurst, NY - Dec E/R
  21. Angilletta, Laura - 23 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  22. Angrisani, Doreen J. - 44 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
  23. Aquilino, Frank Thomas "F.T." - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  24. Arias, Adam P. - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  25. Asaro, Carl Francis - 39 - Middletown, NY - Dec E/R
  26. Aversano Jr., Frank Louis - 58 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  27. Badagliacca, John James - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  28. Bantis, Kathy - 44 - Chicago, IL - Dec WTC
  29. Baptiste, Gerard Jean - 35 - Riverdale, NY - Dec E/R
  30. Barbara, Gerard A. - 53 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  31. Barbaro, Paul V. - 35 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
  32. Barbella, James W. - 53 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
  33. Barbosa, Ivan Kiryllos Fairbanks - 30 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  34. Barbosa, Victor Daniel - 23 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  35. Barbuto, Christine - 32 - Brookline, MA - Am 11
  36. Basina, Inna - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  37. Battaglia, Paul James - 22 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  38. Bautista, Ivhan Luis Carpio - 24 - Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
  39. Bautista, Marlyn C. - 46 - Iselin, NJ - Dec WTC
  40. Beatini, Paul F. - 40 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  41. Bella, Andrea Della - 59 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  42. Bellows, Debbie S. - 30 - East Windsor, NJ - Dec WTC
  43. Benedetti, Paul Michael - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  44. Benedetto, Denise Lenore - 40 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  45. Berardi, Dominick J. - 25 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
  46. Boccardi, Michael Andrew - 30 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
  47. Bocchi, John Paul - 38 - New Vernon, NJ - Dec WTC
  48. Bocchino, Michael Leopoldo - 45 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
  49. Bochino, Susan Mary - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  50. Boffa, Mary Katherine - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  51. Bolourchi, Touran Hamzavi - 69 - Beverly Hills, CA - Un 175
  52. Bonomo, Frank - 42 - Port Jefferson, NY - Dec E/R
  53. Bonomo, Yvonne L. - 30 - Jackson Heights, NY - Dec WTC
  54. Borda Leyva, Juan Jose - 58 - New York, NY - Msg WTC
  55. Bosco, Richard E. - 34 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
  56. Braca, Alfred J. - 54 - Leonardo, NJ - Dec WTC
  57. Bravo, Lydia Estelle - 50 - Dunellen, NJ - Dec WTC
  58. Brito, Victoria Alvarez - 38 - Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
  59. Bucca, Ronald Paul - 47 - Tuckahoe, NY - Dec E/R
  60. Bulaga Jr., John E. - 35 - Haskell, NJ - Dec WTC
  61. Buslo, Irina - 32 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  62. Bustillo, Milton - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  63. Caballero, Daniel Martin - 21 - Houston, TX - Dec Ptn
  64. Cachia, Brian Joseph - 26 - Fresh Meadows, NY - Dec WTC
  65. Cafiero Jr., Steven - 31 - Whitestone, NY - Dec WTC
  66. Caggiano, Richard M. - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  67. Caguicla, Cecile M. - 55 - Boonton, NJ - Dec WTC
  68. Calabro, Salvatore - 38 - Staten Island , NY - Dec E/R
  69. Calandrillo, Joseph - 49 - Hawley, PA - Dec WTC
  70. Calcagno, Philip V. - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  71. Calia, Dominick Enrico - 40 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  72. Calvi, Luigi "Gino" - 34 - East Rutherford, NJ - Dec WTC
  73. Cammarata, Michael F. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  74. Candela, John A. - 42 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  75. Cangelosi, Vincent - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  76. Cangialosi, Stephen J. - 40 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  77. Cannava, Lisa B. - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  78. Cannizzaro, Brian - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  79. Caporicci, Louis A. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  80. Cappello, Jonathan Neff - 23 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
  81. Caproni, Richard M. - 34 - Lynbrook, NY - Dec WTC
  82. Cardona, Jose - 35 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  83. Carlino, Edward - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  84. Carlo, Michael Scott - 34 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
  85. Carlone, David G. - 46 - Randolph, NJ - Dec WTC
  86. Carpeneto, Joyce Ann - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  87. Casazza, John F. - 38 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
  88. Cascio, Paul Reegan - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
  89. Casoria, Thomas Anthony - 29 - Whitestone, NY - Dec E/R
  90. Castano, Alejandro - 35 - Edgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
  91. Castillo, Arcelia "Chela" - 49 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
  92. Castrianno, Leonard - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  93. Castro, Jose Ramon - 37 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  94. Catarelli, Richard G. - 47 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  95. Centeno, Ana M. - 38 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
  96. Cesta, Joni - 37 - Bellmore, NY - Dec WTC
  97. Chalasani, Swarna - 33 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  98. Chiarchiaro, Dorothy J. - 61 - Glenwood, NY - Dec WTC
  99. Chiofalo Jr., Nicholas P. - 39 - Selden, NY - Dec E/R
  100. Chirchirillo, Peter A. - 47 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
  101. Ciafardini, Christopher - 30 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  102. Ciccone, Alex F. - 38 - New Rochelle, NY - Dec WTC
  103. Cilente, Frances Ann - 26 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  104. Cillo, Elaine - 40 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  105. Cirri, Robert D. - 39 - Nutley, NJ - Dec E/R
  106. Coladonato III, Anthony Joseph - 47 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  107. Colaio, Mark Joseph - 34 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  108. Colaio, Stephen J. - 32 - Montauk, NY - Dec WTC
  109. Colasanti, Christopher M. - 33 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  110. Conde, Albert - 62 - Englishtown, NJ - Dec WTC
  111. Coppo Jr., Joseph J. - 47 - New Canaan, CT - Dec WTC
  112. Coppola, Gerard J. - 46 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
  113. Cordice, Robert - 28 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  114. Correa, Ruben D. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  115. Correa-Gutierrez, Daniel A. - 25 - Fairview, NJ - Dec WTC
  116. Costa, Dolores Marie - 53 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  117. Costanza, Alexandra Digna - 25 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
  118. Costello, Charles Gregory - 46 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  119. Costello, Michael S. - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  120. Crifasi, Lucia - 51 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
  121. Crisci, John - 48 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
  122. Cuccinello, Thelma - 71 - Wilmot Flat, NH - Am 11
  123. Cudina, Richard Joseph - 46 - Glen Gardner, NJ - Dec WTC
  124. Curatolo, Robert - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  125. Curia, Laurence - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
  126. Curioli, Paul Dario - 53 - Norwalk, CT - Dec WTC
  127. Da Mota, Manuel J. - 44 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
  128. DaCosta, Carlos S. - 41 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
  129. D'Allara, John - 47 - Pearl River , NY - Dec E/R
  130. D'Amadeo, Vincent - 36 - East Patchouge, NY - Dec WTC
  131. D'Ambrosi, Jack L. - 45 - Woodcliff Lake, NJ - Dec WTC
  132. Damiani-Jones, Jeannine Marie - 28 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  133. D'Antonio, Mary Yolanda - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  134. D'Atri, Edward Alexander - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  135. D'Auria, Michael D. - 25 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  136. de Laura, Cristina - - Unknown - Msg WTC
  137. de Laura, Oscar - - Unknown - Msg WTC
  138. De Martini, Francis Albert - 49 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  139. De Santis, Jemal Legesse - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  140. DeAngelis Jr., Robert J. - 47 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
  141. DeAngelis, Thomas P. - 51 - Westbury, NY - Dec E/R
  142. DeBarrera, Ana Gloria Pocasangre - 49 - Soyapango, El Salvador - Dec WTC
  143. DeCola, Paul - 39 - Ridgewood, NY - Dec WTC
  144. Deconto, Gerald Francis - 44 - Sandwich, MA - Dec Ptn
  145. DeFazio, Jason Christopher - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  146. DeFeo, David A. - 37 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
  147. DeLeo, Vito Joseph - 41 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  148. Delie, Danielle - 47 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  149. Della Pietra, Joseph A. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  150. Delli Gatti, Palmina - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  151. DeLuca, Joseph - 52 - Ledgewood, NJ - Un 93
  152. Demas, Anthony - 61 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  153. DeMeo, Martin N. - 47 - Farmingville, NY - Dec E/R
  154. DePalma, Jean C. - 42 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
  155. DeRienzo, Michael - 37 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  156. Derubbio, David Paul - 38 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec E/R
  157. DeSimone III, Edward - 36 - Atlantic Highlands, NJ - Dec WTC
  158. DeSimone, Christian D. - 23 - Ringwood, NJ - Dec WTC
  159. Desperito, Andrew J. - 44 - East Patchogue, NY - Dec E/R
  160. D'Esposito, Michael Jude - 32 - Morganville, NJ - Dec WTC
  161. DeVere, Melanie Louise - 30 - Portsmouth, England - Dec WTC
  162. DeVito, Jerry - 66 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  163. Di Nardo Schorpp, Marisa - 38 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
  164. Diagostino, Michael L. - 41 - Garden City, NY - Dec WTC
  165. Dichiaro, Patricia F. - 63 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  166. DiFato, John - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  167. DiFazio, Vincent Francis - 43 - Hampton, NJ - Dec WTC
  168. DiFranco, Carl - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  169. DiFranco, Donald J. - 43 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  170. DiMartino, Debra Ann - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  171. DiMeglio, David - 22 - Wakefield, MA - Am 11
  172. Dimino, Stephen Patrick - 48 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  173. Dionisio Jr., Anthony - 38 - Glen Rock, NJ - Dec WTC
  174. DiPasquale, George - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  175. DiPilato, Joseph - 57 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  176. DiStefano, Douglas Frank - 24 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  177. DiTullio, Donald Americo - 49 - Peabody, MA - Am 11
  178. Domanico, James Joseph - 56 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  179. Eacobacci, Joseph Anthony - 26 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
  180. Fallone Jr., Anthony J. - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  181. Fanelli, Dolores B. - 38 - Farmingville, NY - Dec WTC
  182. Farino, Thomas J. - 37 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec E/R
  183. Fava, Shannon M. - 30 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
  184. Favuzza, Bernard D. - 52 - Suffern, NY - Dec WTC
  185. Fazio, Robert - 41 - Freeport, NY - Dec E/R
  186. Fazio, Ronald Carl - 57 - Closter, NJ - Dec WTC
  187. Ferraina, Elisa Giselle - 27 - London, England - Dec WTC
  188. Ferreira, Anne Marie Sallerin - 29 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  189. Ferrugio, David Francis - 46 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  190. Fersini, Louis V. - 38 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  191. Ferugio, Michael - 37 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
  192. Fiorelli, Stephen J. - 43 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
  193. Fiori, Paul - 31 - Yorktown Heights, NY - Dec WTC
  194. Fiorito, John - 40 - Stamford, CT - Dec WTC
  195. Fiumefreddo, Salvatore A. - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  196. Flocco, Matthew Michael - 21 - Newark, DE - Dec Ptn
  197. Florio, John Joseph - 33 - Oceanside, NY - Dec E/R
  198. Fontana, David - 37 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
  199. Foti, Robert Joseph - 42 - Albertson, NY - Dec E/R
  200. Fumando, Clement - 59 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  201. Furmato, Paul James - 37 - Colts Neck, NJ - Dec WTC
  202. Gabrielle, Richard S. - 50 - West Haven, CT - Dec WTC
  203. Galante, Deanna - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  204. Galante, Grace - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  205. Galletti, Lourdes - 33 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  206. Gallo, Cono E. - 30 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
  207. Gallucci, Vincenzo - 36 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
  208. Gambale, Giovanna "Genni" - 27 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  209. Gambino Jr., Thomas - 48 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
  210. Gamboa, Giann F. - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  211. Gamboa, Ronald - 33 - Los Angeles, CA - Un 175
  212. Ganci, Peter - 54 - North Massapequa, NY - Dec E/R
  213. Garbarini, Charles William - 43 - Pleasantville, NY - Dec E/R
  214. Garfi, Francesco - 29 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  215. Gargano, Rocco - 28 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
  216. Gazzani, Terence D. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  217. Genco, Peter Victor - 36 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
  218. Genovese, Steven Gregory - 37 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  219. Giaccone, Joseph M. - 43 - Monroe, NJ - Dec WTC
  220. Giammona, Vincent Francis - 40 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec E/R
  221. Giordano, Donna Marie - 44 - Parlin, NJ - Dec WTC
  222. Giordano, Jeffrey John - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  223. Giordano, John J. - 46 - Newburgh, NY - Dec E/R
  224. Giorgetti, Steven A. - 43 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
  225. Giovinazzo Jr., Martin - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  226. Giraldo, Jinny Lady - 27 - Unknown - Msg WTC
  227. Gitto, Salvatore - 44 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  228. Giugliano, Cynthia - 46 - Nesconset, NY - Dec WTC
  229. Gnazzo, John T. - 32 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  230. Gogliormella, Michael - 43 - New Providence, NJ - Dec WTC
  231. Granitto, Elvira - 43 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  232. Grazioso, John Michael - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  233. Grazioso, Tim - 42 - Gulf Stream, FL - Dec WTC
  234. Grillo, Joseph F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  235. Guzzardo, Barbara - 49 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
  236. Ianelli Jr., Joseph Anthony - 28 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  237. Ielpi, Jonathan Lee - 29 - Great Neck, NY - Dec E/R
  238. Infante Jr., Anthony P. - 47 - Mountainside, NJ - Dec E/R
  239. Inghilterra, Louis Steven - 46 - New Castle, NY - Dec WTC
  240. Ingrassia, Christopher N. - 28 - Watchung, NJ - Dec WTC
  241. Innella, Paul William - 33 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
  242. LaBorie, Kathryn L. - 44 - Providence, RI - Un 175
  243. LaCorte, Andrew - 61 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  244. Lafalce, Joseph A. - 54 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  245. LaForte, Michael Patrick - 39 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
  246. Lafranco, Alan - 43 - Unknown - Msg WTC
  247. Lamana, Michael Scott - 31 - Baton Rouge, LA - Dec Ptn
  248. LaMantia, Steven - 38 - Darien, CT - Dec WTC
  249. Langone, Peter J. - 41 - Roslyn Heights, NY - Dec E/R
  250. Langone, Thomas Michael - 39 - Williston Park, NY - Dec E/R
  251. Lanza, Michele B. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  252. Lauria, Stephen James - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  253. Lavelle, Denis F. - 42 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
  254. Laverde, Jeannine M. - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  255. Lepore, Michael - 39 - Bronxville, NY - Dec WTC
  256. Libretti, Daniel F. - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  257. Licciardi, Ralph M. - 30 - West Hempstead, NY - Dec WTC
  258. Lillo, Carlos R. - 37 - Babylon, NY - Dec E/R
  259. Lilore, Craig Damian - 30 - Lyndhurst, NJ - Dec WTC
  260. Linares, Tomas Gallegos - - Queretaro, Mexico - Msg WTC
  261. Lipari, Diane Theresa - 42 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  262. Lira, Kenneth P. - 28 - Paterson , NJ - Msg WTC
  263. Liriano, Francisco Alberto - 33 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  264. Lisi, Lorraine - 44 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  265. Litto, Vincent M. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  266. Livera, Joseph - 67 - Unknown - Dec WTC
  267. Lizcano, Harold - 31 - East Elmhurst, NY - Dec WTC
  268. Lostrangio, Joseph - 48 - Langhorne, PA - Dec WTC
  269. Lovero, Joseph - 60 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  270. Lucania, Charles Peter - 34 - East Atlantic Beach, NY - Dec WTC
  271. Lugano, Sean Thomas - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  272. Lugo, Daniel - 45 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  273. Luparello, Anthony - 62 - Corona, NY - Dec WTC
  274. Luzzicone, Linda - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  275. Maffeo, Jennieann - 40 - Bensonhurst, NY - Dec WTC
  276. Maffeo, Joseph - 30 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  277. Maggitti, Joseph - 47 - Abington, MD - Dec WTC
  278. Maio, Joseph - 32 - Roslyn Harbor, NY - Dec WTC
  279. Maldonado, Debora I. - 47 - South Ozone Park, NY - Dec WTC
  280. Maldonado-Agosto, Myrna T. - 49 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  281. Mancini, Francisco - 26 - Astoria, NY - Dec WTC
  282. Mangano, Joseph - 53 - Jackson, NJ - Dec WTC
  283. Mannetta, Debra M. - 31 - Islip, NY - Dec WTC
  284. Marchese, Laura A. Giglio - 35 - Oceanside, NY - Dec WTC
  285. Margiotta, Charles Joseph - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  286. Mariani, Louis Neil - 59 - Derry, NH - Un 175
  287. Marino, Kenneth Joseph - 40 - Monroe, NY - Dec E/R
  288. Marino, Lester Vincent - 57 - Massapequa, NY - Dec WTC
  289. Marino, Vita - 49 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  290. Marlo, Kevin D. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  291. Marrero, Jose J. - 32 - Old Bridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  292. Martello, James - 41 - Rumson, NJ - Dec WTC
  293. Marti, Michael A. - 26 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
  294. Martini, Paul Richard - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
  295. Mascali, Joseph A. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  296. Masi, Stephen F. - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  297. Massa, Nicholas "Nick" - 65 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  298. Massari, Patricia Ann - 25 - Glendale, NY - Dec WTC
  299. Massaroli, Michael - 38 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  300. Mastrandrea, Philip W. - 42 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
  301. Mastrocinque, Rudolph - 43 - Kings Park, NY - Dec WTC
  302. Mattricciano, Marcello - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  303. Matuza, Walter - 39 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  304. Mauro, Charles A. - 65 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
  305. Mauro, Charles J. - 38 - Eltingville, NY - Dec WTC
  306. Mauro, Dorothy - 55 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  307. Mauro, Nancy T. - 51 - Forest Hills, NY - Dec WTC
  308. Mazza-Delosh, Kathy Nancy - 46 - Farmingdale, NY - Dec E/R
  309. Mazzella Jr., Edward - 62 - Monroe, NY - Dec WTC
  310. Mazzotta, Jennifer - 23 - Maspeth, NY - Dec WTC
  311. Medaglia, Rocco - 49 - Melville, NY - Dec WTC
  312. Medina, Abigail - 46 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  313. Medina, Ana Iris - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  314. Mello, Christopher D. - 25 - Boston, MA - Am 11
  315. Mena, Diarelia Jovannah - 30 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  316. Mentis, Shevonne - 25 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  317. Mercado, Steve - 38 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
  318. Mercurio, Ralph Joseph - 47 - Rockville Centre, NY - Dec WTC
  319. Merino, George C. - 39 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
  320. Merino, Yamel - 24 - Yonkers, NY - Dec E/R
  321. Micciulli, William Edward - 30 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
  322. Milano, Peter Teague - 43 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  323. Minara, Robert - 54 - Carmel, NY - Dec E/R
  324. Minardi, William G. - 46 - Bedford, NY - Dec WTC
  325. Minervino, Louis Joseph - 54 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  326. Mingione, Thomas - - West Islip, NY - Msg E/R
  327. Mirpuri, Rajesh A. - 30 - Engelwood Cliffs, NJ - Dec WTC
  328. Mistrulli, Joseph - 47 - Wantagh, NY - Dec WTC
  329. Miuccio, Richard - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  330. Moccia Sr., Frank V. - 57 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
  331. Modafferi, Louis Joseph - 45 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  332. Molina, Fernando Jiminez - - Oaxaca, Mexico - Msg WTC
  333. Molina, Manuel Dejesus - 31 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  334. Molinaro, Carl - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  335. Molisani Jr., Justin J. - 42 - Middletown Township, NJ - Dec WTC
  336. Montanaro, Kristen - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  337. Montano, Craig D. - 38 - Glen Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  338. Montesi, Michael G. - 39 - Highland Mills, NY - Dec E/R
  339. Morabito, Laura Lee - 34 - Framingham, MA - Am 11
  340. Morello, Steven P. - 52 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
  341. Morello, Vincent S. - 34 - Middle Village, NY - Dec E/R
  342. Moreno, Arturo Alva - - Mexico City, Mexico - Msg WTC
  343. Moreno, Yvette Nicole - 25 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  344. Morrone, Ferdinand V. - 63 - Lakewood, NJ - Dec E/R
  345. Motroni Sr., Marco - 57 - Fort Lee, NJ - Dec WTC
  346. Mozzillo, Christopher - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  347. Murillo, Cesar Augusto - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  348. Murolo, Marc A. - 28 - Maywood, NJ - Dec WTC
  349. Napolitano, John - 33 - Ronkonkoma, NY - Dec E/R
  350. Nardella, Catherine - 40 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
  351. Nardone, Mario - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  352. Navarro, Karen S. - 30 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
  353. Nazario, Francis - 28 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  354. Nichilo, Jody Tepedino - 39 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  355. Nicosia, Kathleen Ann - 54 - Winthrop, MA - Am 11
  356. Notaro, Daniela R. - 25 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  357. Oliva, Linda Mary - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  358. Orsini, Ronald - 59 - Hillsdale, NJ - Dec WTC
  359. Osorio-Oliva, Elsy Carolina - 27 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  360. Palazzo, Jeffrey Matthew - 33 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  361. Palazzo, Thomas Anthony - 44 - Armonk, NY - Dec WTC
  362. Palazzolo, Richard - 39 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  363. Palombo, Frank A. - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec E/R
  364. Palumbo, Alan - 42 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  365. Pandolfo, Dominique Lisa - 27 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  366. Pansini, Paul J. - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  367. Paolillo, John M. - 51 - Glen Head, NY - Dec E/R
  368. Papa, Edward Joseph - 47 - Oyster Bay, NY - Dec WTC
  369. Papasso, Salvatore - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  370. Pappalardo, Marie - 53 - Paramount, CA - Un 175
  371. Parro, Robert - 35 - Levittown, NY - Dec E/R
  372. Passananti, Horace Robert - 55 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  373. Passaro, Suzanne H. - 38 - East Brunswick, NJ - Dec WTC
  374. Pastrana, Victor Antonio Martinez - - Tlachichuca, Puebla, Mexico - Msg WTC
  375. Patrocino, Manuel - 34 - Unknown - Dec WTC
  376. Pecorelli, Thomas Nicholas - 31 - Topanga, CA - Am 11
  377. Pedicini, Thomas E. - 30 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
  378. Pelino, Todd D. - 34 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
  379. Peluso, Anthony - 46 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  380. Peralta, Carl Allen - 37 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  381. Percoco, Marie Vola - 37 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  382. Perconti, Jon Anthony - 32 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
  383. Perroncino, Joseph John - 33 - Smithtown, NY - Dec WTC
  384. Perrotta, Edward Joseph - 43 - Mount Sinai, NY - Dec WTC
  385. Pesce, Danny - 34 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  386. Petrocelli, Mark - 29 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  387. Petti, Philip Scott - 43 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  388. Pezzulo, Dominick A. - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
  389. Pezzuti, Kaleen E. - 28 - Fair Haven, NJ - Dec WTC
  390. Piantieri, Eugenia - 55 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  391. Picarro, Ludwig J. - 44 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  392. Picerno, Matthew - 44 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
  393. Pietronico, Bernard T. - 39 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
  394. Pietrunti, Nicholas P. - 38 - Belford, NJ - Dec WTC
  395. Pinto, Susan Elizabeth Ancona - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  396. Plumitallo, Joseph - 45 - Manalapan, NJ - Dec WTC
  397. Pollicino, Steve - 48 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
  398. Pollio, Susan M. - 45 - Long Beach Township, NJ - Dec WTC
  399. Portillo, Anthony - 48 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  400. Potorti, James Edward - 52 - Plainsboro, NJ - Dec WTC
  401. Preziose, Gregory M. - 34 - Holmdel, NJ - Dec WTC
  402. Princiotta, Vincent - 39 - Orangeburg, NY - Dec E/R
  403. Pugliese, Robert D. - 47 - East Fishkill, NY - Dec WTC
  404. Puopolo, Sonia Morales - 58 - Dover, MA - Am 11
  405. Racaniello, Christopher Peter A. - 30 - Little Neck, NY - Dec WTC
  406. Ragaglia, Leonard - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  407. Raggio, Eugene J. - 55 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  408. Ragonese-Snik, Laura Marie - 41 - Bangor, PA - Dec WTC
  409. Ragusa, Michael - - Unknown - Msg E/R
  410. Raimondi, Peter F. - 46 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  411. Rauzi, Gerard - 42 - Flushing, NY - Dec WTC
  412. Reda, Gregory - 33 - New Hyde Park, NY - Dec WTC
  413. Reina, Joseph - 32 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  414. Renda, Karen C. - 52 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  415. Reo, John Armand - 28 - Larchmont, NY - Dec WTC
  416. Rescorla, Richard C. - 62 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
  417. Resta, John Thomas - 40 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
  418. Resta, Sylvia San Pio - 27 - Bayside, NY - Dec WTC
  419. Riccardelli, Francis Saverio - 40 - Westwood, NJ - Dec WTC
  420. Riccio, Rudolph N. - 50 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  421. Riccoboni, AnnMarie Davi - 58 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  422. Rigo, John M. - 48 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  423. Rimmele III, Frederick Charles - 32 - Marblehead, MA - Un 175
  424. Risco, Theresa "Ginger" - 48 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  425. Riso, Rose Mary - 55 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  426. Rivelli Jr., Joseph - 43 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
  427. Riverso, Joseph R. - 34 - White Plains, NY - Dec WTC
  428. Rizza, Paul V. - 34 - Park Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  429. Rizzo, John Frank - 50 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  430. Roberto, Joseph - 37 - Midland Park, NJ - Dec WTC
  431. Roma, Keith - 27 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  432. Romagnolo, Joseph M. - 37 - Coram, NY - Dec WTC
  433. Romero Sr., Efrain Franco - 57 - Hazleton, PA - Dec WTC
  434. Romero, Elvin Santiago - 34 - Matawan, NJ - Dec WTC
  435. Romito, James A. - 51 - Westwood, NJ - Dec E/R
  436. Rosario, Aida - 42 - Jersey City, NJ - Dec WTC
  437. Rosario, Angela - 27 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  438. Rossetti, Daniel - 32 - Bloomfield, NJ - Dec WTC
  439. Rossomando, Nicholas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  440. Rubino, Joanne - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  441. Ruggiere, Bart Joseph - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  442. Ruggiero, Susan Ann - 30 - Plainview, NY - Dec WTC
  443. Sabella, Thomas E. - 44 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  444. Sacerdote, Joseph F. - 48 - Freehold, NJ - Dec WTC
  445. Salamone, John Patrick - 37 - North Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
  446. Salamone, Marjorie C. - 53 - Springfield, VA - Dec Ptn
  447. Salcedo, Esmerlin Antonio - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec WTC
  448. Salerno, John Salvatore - 31 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
  449. Salinardi, Richard L. - 32 - Hoboken, NJ - Dec WTC
  450. Salvaterra, Frank G. - 41 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
  451. Salvio, Paul - 27 - Midwood, NY - Dec WTC
  452. Salvo, Samuel R. - 59 - Yonkers, NY - Dec WTC
  453. Sammartino, John - 37 - Annadale, VA - Am 77
  454. Santo, Susan G. - 24 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  455. Santora, Christopher - 23 - New York, NY - Dec E/R
  456. Santore, John - 49 - Staten Island, NY - Dec E/R
  457. Santoro, Mario L. - 28 - Manhattan, NY - Dec E/R
  458. Santos, Dominick - 36 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
  459. Santos, Rufino Condrado F. "Roy" - 37 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  460. Saracini, Victor J. - 51 - Lower Makefield Township, PA - Un 175
  461. Sattaluri, Deepika Kumar - 33 - Edison, NJ - Dec WTC
  462. Sbarbaro, John - 45 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  463. Scandole, Robert Louis "Rob" - 36 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
  464. Scarpitta, Michelle - 26 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  465. Scauso, Dennis - 46 - Dix Hills, NY - Dec E/R
  466. Scibetta, Adrianne - 31 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  467. Scorca, Raphael - 61 - Beachwood, NJ - Dec WTC
  468. Sellitto, Matthew Carmen - 23 - Morristown, NJ - Dec WTC
  469. Sereno, Arturo Angelo - 29 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  470. Serrano, Frankie - 23 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
  471. Serva, Marion - 47 - Stafford, VA - Dec Ptn
  472. Sesinova, Alena - 57 - Brooklyn Heights, NY - Dec WTC
  473. Sessa, Adele - 36 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  474. Sezna Jr., Davis G. "Deeg" - 22 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  475. Siracuse, Peter A. - 29 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  476. Skala, John P. - 31 - Clifton, NJ - Dec E/R
  477. Smagala Jr., Stanley S. - 36 - Holbrook, NY - Dec E/R
  478. Sorresse, Michael C. - 34 - Morris Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
  479. Soto, Fabian - 31 - Harrison, NJ - Dec WTC
  480. Spagnoletti, Gregory T. - 32 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  481. Spampinato, Donald - 39 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
  482. Sparacio, Thomas - 35 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  483. Spataro, John Anthony - 32 - Mineola, NY - Dec WTC
  484. Sperando, Mary Rubina - 39 - Queens, NY - Dec WTC
  485. Spinelli, Frank J. - 44 - Short Hills, NJ - Dec WTC
  486. Starita, Anthony M. - 35 - Westfield, NJ - Dec WTC
  487. Strada, Thomas S. - 41 - Chatham, NJ - Dec WTC
  488. Suozzo, James Joseph - 47 - Hauppauge, NY - Dec WTC
  489. Taddei, Norma C. - 64 - Woodside, NY - Dec WTC
  490. Taddonio, Michael - 39 - Huntington, NY - Dec WTC
  491. Talignani, John - 74 - New York, NY - Un 93
  492. Tamuccio, Michael Andrew - 37 - Pelham Manor, NY - Dec WTC
  493. Taormina, Dennis Gerard - 36 - Montville, NJ - Dec WTC
  494. Tarantino, Kenneth Joseph - 39 - Bayonne, NJ - Dec WTC
  495. Tartaro, Ronald - 38 - Bridgewater, NJ - Dec WTC
  496. Tempesta, Anthony - 38 - Elizabeth, NJ - Dec WTC
  497. Terrenzi, Brian John - 28 - Hicksville, NY - Dec WTC
  498. Tieri Jr., Sal Edward - 40 - Shrewsbury, NJ - Dec WTC
  499. Tieste, William Randolph - 54 - Basking Ridge, NJ - Dec WTC
  500. Tino, Jennifer Marie - 29 - West Caldwell, NJ - Dec WTC
  501. Tipaldi, Robert Frank - 25 - Dyker Heights, NY - Dec WTC
  502. Tirado Jr., Hector Luis - 30 - Bronx, NY - Dec E/R
  503. Tirado, David Lawrence - 26 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  504. Titolo, Michelle - 34 - Copiague, NY - Dec WTC
  505. Todisco, Richard J. - 61 - Wyckoff, NJ - Dec WTC
  506. Traina, Christopher M. - 25 - Brick, NJ - Dec WTC
  507. Traore, Abdoul Karim - 41 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  508. Trentini, James Anthony - 65 - Everett, MA - Am 11
  509. Trentini, Mary - 67 - Everett, MA - Am 11
  510. Trerotola, Lisa L. - 36 - Hazlet, NJ - Dec WTC
  511. Trerra, Karamo - 40 - Manhattan, NY - Dec WTC
  512. Trombino, Francis Joseph - 68 - Clifton, NJ - Dec WTC
  513. Tuzio, Donald Joseph - 51 - Goshen, NY - Dec WTC
  514. Uliano, Michael A. - 42 - Aberdeen, NJ - Dec WTC
  515. Vaccacio, John Damien - 30 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  516. Valvo II, Carlton Francis - 38 - New York, NY - Dec WTC
  517. Varacchi, Frederick T. - 35 - Greenwich, CT - Dec WTC
  518. Velamuri, Sankara - 63 - Avenel, NJ - Dec WTC
  519. Ventura, Anthony M. - 41 - Middletown, NJ - Dec WTC
  520. Vera, David - 41 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  521. Vero, Loretta A. - 51 - Nanuet, NY - Dec WTC
  522. Vialonga, Christopher - 30 - Demarest, NJ - Dec WTC
  523. Vianna, Matthew Gilbert - 23 - Manhasset, NY - Dec WTC
  524. Vicario, Robert A. - 40 - Weehawken, NJ - Dec WTC
  525. Vigiano II, John T. - 36 - West Islip, NY - Dec E/R
  526. Vigiano, Joseph Vincent - 34 - Medford, NY - Dec E/R
  527. Vignola Jr., Frank J. - 44 - Merrick, NY - Dec WTC
  528. Vilardo, Joseph B. - 44 - Stanhope, NJ - Dec WTC
  529. Villanueva, Sergio - 33 - Jackson Heights, NY - Msg E/R
  530. Vincelli, Chantal - 38 - Harlem, NY - Dec WTC
  531. Virgilio, Francine A. - 48 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  532. Virgilio, Lawrence - 38 - Unknown - Dec E/R
  533. Visciano, Joseph G. - 22 - Staten Island, NY - Dec WTC
  534. Vitale, Joshua S. - 28 - Great Neck, NY - Dec WTC
  535. Zaccoli, Joseph - 39 - Valley Stream, NY - Dec WTC
  536. Zambrana Jr., Edwin J. - 24 - Brooklyn, NY - Dec WTC
  537. Zampieri, Robert Alan "Robbie" - 30 - Saddle River, NJ - Dec WTC
  538. Zangrilli, Mark - 36 - Pompton Plains, NJ - Dec WTC
  539. Zarba, Christopher Rudoph - 47 - Hopkinton, MA - Am 11
  540. Zedillo, Aurelio - - Mexico - Msg WTC
  541. Zinzi, Michael Joseph - 37 - Newfoundland, NJ - Dec WTC
  542. Zisa, Salvatore J. - 45 - Hawthorne, NJ - Dec WTC
  543. Zuccala, Joseph J. - 54 - Croton-on-Hudson, NY - Dec WTC


Never Forget...

--GVI
Comments

Immigration by Country: 1892 - 1931

9/4/2018

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Picture
Comments

The Migrant’s Never Ending Pain

2/21/2018

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Picture
By Gianni Pezzano

The decision to migrate is never easy but, no matter how hard the decision, at the moment of departure we never understand the true price paid by those who leave a country for a new life. It will then be the cruelty of time that will uncover the true pain caused by long distances and the ones who feel it are not only the migrants, but also the children and descendants.

From telegrams to messages
When I woke up Saturday morning there was a message on my mobile phone that I had feared since the first day in Italy. My uncle Rocco had passed away, the last of my father’s eight brothers and sisters and with him an entire generation of the paternal side of my family ended. It will not be the last such message and they never become because less painful, in fact…

After the first moment of sadness, which has grown since then, I remembered my mother’s scream that evening fifty years ago when the telegram arrived to tell us of the death of Nonno (grandfather). The change of technology has done nothing to reduce the pain.
That was my first true experience of the migrant’s pain. Two years before my maternal grandparents had come to Australia to meet the new in-laws and above all the grandchildren that they knew only from a few brief words in the rare telephone calls and the photos sent during the long exchange of letters between my mother and Nonna (grandmother). Sadly I never met my paternal grandparents. Nonno had died before my parents’ wedding and I was too young to remember when Nonna followed a few years later.

Read the entire article HERE (in both Italian and English)...


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When Italians Were "The Other": Treatment during the World Wars

2/6/2018

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Italian Immigrants being interned during WWII
The shameful treatment of Italian Immigrants during WWII
show America’s propensity for xenophobic hysteria

Their movements were restricted,
their homes raided;
in some cases, they were interned
an article by Laura Smith
from Timeline.com
The men in suits were at the Maiorana family’s Monterey, California, home again. Mike, the family’s young son, watched as the agents rummaged through their belongings in search of guns, cameras, and shortwave radios. And again, they found nothing. This was during World War II, and the FBI had declared Mike’s mother an “enemy alien.” The sole source of evidence for this allegation was that she was Italian.

Elsewhere in California, an Italian poet’s work was scrutinized for treachery, and a father was hauled off by the FBI, leaving his wife and ten children without a breadwinner for four months. In New York, an Italian opera singer was thrown in prison without charge and just as unceremoniously released. Hundreds of Italian mariners who had been stranded in U.S. waters by the start of the war were loaded into Army trucks and hauled to an internment camp in Missoula, Montana, where some would remain for years.

It was a distinctly American story, revealing the immigration system’s xenophobic through line. Poverty-stricken immigrants who were hated one day were approved of the next, only to be replaced by another allegedly dangerous immigrant group, all under the guise of national security. As beloved as Italian cuisine, sports cars, and fashion are on our shores today, things were different during the first half of the 20th century, especially during WWII....

CLICK HERE TO READ MORE...
Another informative article:
Santa Cruz County History - World War II

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Italian-Americans: The History of Immigration to America

8/28/2017

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PicturePacked like sardines... Coming to America
The Many Reasons for Coming to America

Poverty was the main motivation for an Italian leaving his family and home and putting up with the hardships of traveling to America. In 1898, widespread "bread riots" plagued all of Italy, with people protesting the lack of jobs and the sudden increase in the price of wheat and bread. Other motivators were the constant political strife and the dream to return to Italy with enough money to buy land and improve their lives. Fully 80% of Italians were farmers and couldn't afford modern farming equipment to better their lives.  Rural Italians lived in harsh conditions, residing in one-room houses with no plumbing or privacy. In addition, many peasants were isolated due to a lack of roads in Italy.

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PictureIt was difficult to feed such a large family in rural Italy
Most Italians didn't own land, so they were indebted to landlords, who charged high rents and took a portion of their crops. Higher wages in America--as often falsely advertised by many flyers produced by steamship companies--proved to be an attractive draw. AN Italian contadino who farmed year-round might earn 16-30 cents per day in Italy. A carpenter in Italy would receive 30 cents to $1.40 per day, making a 6-day week’s pay $1.80 to $8.40. In America, a carpenter who worked a 56-hour week would earn $18.

Farmers faced even further reasons to immigrate. Besides falling wheat prices, fruit and wine prices were also falling. The phylloxera virus destroyed nearly every grape vine used to produce wine. America was envisioned as a place of opportunity, with abundant land, high wages, lower taxes--and at the time--no military draft. Yes, one more reason why many Italian men wanted to leave Italy... to escape conscription into the military.  But still, many wanted only to go to America, earn money and return to buy their own land.

Political hardship was also a factor in motivating immigration. Beginning in 1860, la Guerra dei Contadini del Sud (the Southern Peasants War) began. This was an uprising to resist the changes that the North was forcing on the Southern provinces with the Unification. Led by mostly brigands (many of who had previously had the support of contadini), this was a type of "social banditism" who were rebelling in order to retain their small sphere of power and wealth in their rural areas. The poor contadini were caught suddenly in the cross fire.  Later in the 1870s, the government took measures to repress political views such as anarchy and socialism. Many Italians came to the United States to escape political policies and warring factions.

PictureTaking a train to an Italian port city
Italian immigrants to the United States from 1890 onward became a part of what is known as “New Immigration,” which is the third and largest wave of immigration from Europe and consisted of Slavs, Jews, and Italians. This “New Immigration” was a major change from the “Old Immigration” which consisted of Germans, Irish, British, and Scandinavians and occurred earlier in the 19th century.

Between 1900 and 1915, 3 million Italians immigrated to America, which was the largest nationality of “new immigrants.” These immigrants, a mix of both artisans and peasants, came from all regions of Italy, but the largest numbers were from the mezzogiorno--Southern Italy. Between 1876 and 1930, out of the 5 million immigrants who came to the United States, fully 80% were from the South, representing such regions as Calabria, Campania, Abruzzi, Molise, Apulia and Sicily. The majority (2/3 of the immigrant population) were farm laborers or laborers, or contadini, as noted on the ship manifests when arriving at Ellis Island. The laborers were mostly agricultural and did not have much experience in industry such as mining and textiles. The laborers who did work in industry had come from textile factories in Piedmont and Tuscany and mines in Umbria and Sicily.

Though the majority of Italian immigrants were laborers, a small population of craftsmen also immigrated to the United States. They comprised less than 20% of all Italian immigrants and enjoyed a higher status than that of the contadini. The majority of craftsmen were from the South and could read and write; they included carpenters, brick layers, masons, tailors, and barbers.

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Both Italian and English advertise this baker's wares
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Market under the Ell in lower Manhattan
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Ellis Island newcomers
The first wave of Italian immigration began in the 1860s after the Unification of Italy. By 1914, the number of Italians immigrating to the United States reached it's peak at over 280,000 making the journey to America. Since there was a larger population and higher skilled laborers (such as miners) in the industrial northern Italian provinces, a higher number emigrated from the North. But even though the South had a sparser population with less labor skills, more per capita came from these southern regions. In fact, by 1915, the number of emigrants from the South nearly matched those coming from the North.
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Italian Immigration by region
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 Due to the large numbers of Italian immigrants, Italians became a vital component of the organized labor supply in America. They comprised a large segment of the following three labor forces: mining, textiles, and clothing manufacturing. In fact, Italians were the largest immigrant population to work in the mines. In 1910, 20,000 Italians were employed in mills in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

An interesting feature of Italian immigrants to the United States between 1901 and 1920 was the high percentage that returned to Italy after they had earned money in the United States. About 50% of Italians repatriated, which can be interpreted as many having trouble assimilating into the American way of life. Some of this can be blamed on the blatant racist views toward Italians and refusal to hire them for better paying jobs. In the large cities, tenements were essentially slums. If an immigrant couldn't get a decent living wage, they might reconsider trying to raise their family in America. Because Italian immigrants tended to be gregarious--often clustering together in "Little Italys", often they didn't feel there was a need to learn English, another factor in not being able to secure better paying jobs.

Many might have fallen into the trap of getting housing or jobs through a padrone, a boss and middleman between the immigrants and American employers. The padrone was an immigrant from Italy who had been living in America for a while. He at first might seem helpful in providing lodging, functioning as safe "bankers" or money changers (often short changing), and found work for the immigrants (albeit, for a percentage of their earnings). Often, they would get the work that they could do in the apartments they rented to them... making silk flowers, rolling cigars, sewing, etc. After a few years of paying a percentage of their salaries to these padrone, many immigrants got discouraged enough to return to the homeland. At best, these situations became indentured servitude, at worst slavery. Child labor was also a product of these padrone, filling sweat shop factories with children as young as 10 years old. 

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Prejudice Rears its Ugly Head

Both immigrant contadini and those with skills faced economic as well as ethnic prejudices upon entering the labor force in America. The poor economy caused hostility toward Italians and many were labeled as strikebreakers and wage cutters from 1870 onward. American workers already feared the new mechanization in factories was the cause of taking away their jobs. Job bosses used Italians to fill their jobs as scabs during labor strikes. Prejudices were especially aimed at (as perceived) darker skinned Southern Italians who became scabs during strikes in construction, railroad, mining, long shoring, and industry. The Italian workers were called derogatory names such as:
  • Guinea - referencing the dark skinned people imported as slaves from Guinea in Africa. (Southern Italians were often darker skinned/tanned than most "white" Americans.)
  • Wop - a bastardazation of "Guappo" a word referring to an unsavory criminal in Naples dialect. The pronunciation softens the "G" and drops the "O", sounding like "wop". 
  • Dagoe - Originally from Dago, a derogatory  term describing anyone of Spanish or Italian birth.
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Laying trolly tracks
Italians were the only workers to work along side black people and employers preferred Slovaks and Poles to Italians. At the time, it was said that "railroad superintendents ranked Southern Italians last because of their small stature and lack of strength”. In the mining industry especially there was an ethnic hierarchy: English-speaking workers held the skilled and supervisory positions while the Italians were hired as laborers, loaders, and pick miners.

It was not until the 1920s that Italians became more integrated into the American working class, regardless of whether or not they spoke English. More immigrants started to work at semi-skilled jobs in factories as well as skilled positions but one-third of the population remained unskilled. In trade unions, meetings were held in English and Italians were not elected to official positions.
The Rough Life, a Road to a Brighter Future

I wanted to end this article by looking back at where "we" Italian-Americans came from... the suffering, the hardships, the prejudice, the poverty.
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PictureDad's name on the Ellis Island wall - Saverio Finzi
My Grandfather, Sergio Finzi had made two preliminary Voyages across the Atlantic trying to establish connections and work so he could bring his wife and children over. He was a tailor, a skill he brought with him from Molfetta. They were poor. My father told of not having enough coal or wood to fire up their kitchen stove--the only heat in winter. He said he and his brother walked the railroad tracks to pick up scraps of coal fallen from passing trains. They left school in the fourth grade to help the his familia scrape a living from their new home.

Many Italian immigrants suffered--and endured. We are all proof if this fact. Italian immigrants--as many immigrants from other lands--help build this country. They helped defend it. They assimilated. They became citizens. Paid taxes. Sent their kids to school.

And here we are... over 100 years later and many in our country are still ambivalent or even dead against immigrants. Have we really lost sight of the fact that unless we have 100% Native American blood running through our veins, that we all are descended from immigrants?

Starting in 1888, photographer Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant, in an attempt to call attention to the suffering of immigrants, photographed the Manhattan tenement slums where Italian (and other) immigrants were living in squalor. He was followed by Lewis Hines, who photographed not only the immigrants and slums but the children who were the most helpless victims of this inflicted poverty.

Enjoy the slide show... and try to remember the hardships our fore-bearers went through to get us where we are today...


--Jerry Finzi

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Italian-American History: Le Mano Nera - The Black Hand in West Virginia

3/11/2017

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Members of Black Hand (la Mano Nera) arrested at Fairmont, W. VA.-The Mafia, more commonly known as the Black Hand in West Virginia, reared its ugly head in Marion County in 1908. The members of the Black Hand, all natives of Italy, had banded together with Frank Pisconeri as their president. They carried out a campaign of extortion throughout the county with their victims either Italians or Italians by descent.
-(Marion Co Historical Society)

Black Hand (Italian: Mano Nera) was a type of extortion racket. It was a method of extortion, not a criminal organization as such, though gangsters of Camorra and the Mafia practiced it. According to a newspaper report in the New York Tribune of June 1912, the Black Hand "...really exists only as a phrase. As an organization such a thing never existed out of the minds of the police. It is a catch phrase made familiar through the newspapers, and the quick witted criminal of Latin extraction lost no time in using it as a nom de crime, which he wrote at the bottom of his blackmailing letters, sometimes - in fact, generally - adding fanciful decorations of his own, such as daggers dripping blood, revolvers spitting fire and bullets, crudely drawn skulls and crossbones and the inevitable sketch of a human hand."

Origins

The roots of the Black Hand can be traced to the Kingdom of Naples as early as the 1750s. However, the term as normally used in English specifically refers to the organization established by Italian immigrants in the United States during the 1880s who, though fluent in their Southern Italian regional dialects, had no access to Standard Italian or even a grammar school education. A minority of the immigrants formed criminal syndicates, living alongside each other. By 1900, Black Hand operations were firmly established in the Italian-American communities of major cities including New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, New Orleans, Scranton, San Francisco, Olean, NY and Detroit. In 1907, a Black Hand headquarters was discovered in Hillsville, Pennsylvania, a village located a few miles west of New Castle, Pennsylvania. The Black Hand in Hillsville established a school designed to train members in the use of the stiletto. Although more successful immigrants were usually targeted, possibly as many as 90% of Italian immigrants and workmen in New York and other communities were threatened with extortion.

Typical Black Hand tactics involved sending a letter to a victim threatening bodily harm, kidnapping, arson, or murder. The letter demanded a specified amount of money to be delivered to a specific place. It was decorated with threatening symbols like a smoking gun, hangman's noose, skull, or knife dripping with blood or piercing a human heart, and was in many instances, signed with a hand, "held up in the universal gesture of warning", imprinted or drawn in thick black ink. According to author/historian Mike Dash, "it was this last feature that inspired a journalist writing for The New York Herald to refer to the communications as "Black Hand" letters—a name that stuck, and indeed, soon became synonymous with crime in Little Italy." The term "Black Hand" (in Italian: Mano Nera, and in Sicilian: Manu Niura) was readily adopted by the American press and generalized to the idea of an organized criminal conspiracy, which came to be known as "The Black Hand Society".

The tenor Enrico Caruso received a Black Hand letter, on which a black hand and dagger were drawn, demanding $2,000. Caruso decided to pay, "and, when this fact became public knowledge, was rewarded for his capitulation with 'a stack of threatening letters a foot high,' including another from the same gang for $15,000." Realizing the extortionists would continue to demand money, he reported the incident to the police who, arranging for Caruso to drop off the money at a prearranged spot, arrested two Italian-American businessmen who retrieved the money.
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Under Construction... 

2/15/2017

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At the beginning of 2017, we've started  re-construction and re-organization of Grand Voyage Italy's pages. If you don't find what you are looking for on this new History page, use the Search Box to find what you need. Grazie! 
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